Recouping wage underpayment: increasingly less likely?

Corporate collapses in Australia have provided stark evidence that employees do not always secure their employment entitlements, despite having a legal right to do so. There has been an implicit assumption in the Australian industrial relations system that employer evasion of employee entitlements is rare. However, our detailed examination of enforcement within the Australian federal industrial relations system shows, for the first time, that despite awards, industrial agreements, union presence and an official enforcement agency, correct payment of entitlements has always been problematic. This paper examines inspection strategy between 1904 and 1995 and makes two points. The first is that changes in strategy have reduced the probability of detection. The second is that shifts towards individual contracts, lower union density, and increased precarious employment have decreased the likelihood of employees' ability to recover monies owed.     

关于我国“刘易斯转折点”研究的述评

以蔡防为代表的一些国内学者提出了“刘易斯拐点”即将到来的论断．其引发了众多国内学者对这一问题的争论。本文选取了我国目前“刘易斯转折点”的界定、民工荒、普通劳动者工资、人口红利和未来政策导向等研究观点作以综述并加以评述。     

Generalized minimum aberration two-level split-plot designs

Split-plot experiments may arise when it is impractical to completely randomize the treatment combinations of a designed experiment. To provide more flexible design choices in the nonregular split-plot setting, we describe an approach for constructing minimum aberration orthogonal two-level split-plot designs having 12, 16, 20 and 24 runs. We consider five design scenarios that may be of importance to practitioners, and then propose an approach for assigning word lengths under these five scenarios. We then use the extended word length patterns to rank both regular and nonregular orthogonal split-plot designs. While most existing papers concerning orthogonal split-plot designs focus on regular orthogonal designs, we find that many minimum aberration split-plot designs are nonregular orthogonal designs.     

公共预算转移支付反贫困瞄准：以低保为例的ROC方法分析

本文使用中国家庭动态跟踪调查（CFPS）数据,基于代理工具测试模型（Proxy means testing,PMT）并结合ROC曲线方法（Receiver Operating Characteristics）研究低保的反贫困瞄准问题。结果显示：城市单个贫困指数以卫生间类型、电脑拥有情况来衡量较为有效,农村单个贫困指数则以户主年龄、冰箱拥有情况来衡量较为有效。更改贫困概率门槛值会影响公共预算转移支付贫困瞄准结果,对于一个较低的贫困概率门槛值,其对应的覆盖率（公共预算转移支付覆盖贫困人口）和漏损率（非贫困人口被纳入公共预算转移支付）都比较高。当政策制定者把对覆盖贫困人口和排除非贫困人口的目标赋予同等权重时,城乡贫困概率门槛值约为0.5左右。当贫困率较低且使用与贫困率相同的瞄准率时,基于PMT模型的贫困瞄准较差。在贫困率给定的条件下,随着受益比率（包含率）的增加,贫困瞄准的精确性在提高。使用全覆盖所需预算的百分比下降时,覆盖率和漏损率也都呈现下降态势,贫困率逐渐上升,预算中做覆盖之用的比例上升,而预算中漏损部分的比例下降。贫困线的变动会影响覆盖率、漏损率。     

试论中国城市低保制度实践的延伸效果及其演进方向.

引言自改革开放以来,随着中国城市贫困形势的变化,政府扶贫工作发生了若干重要转变。笔者曾经将这些转变概括为六个方面,即从扶持企业到直接救助贫困人口;从道义性扶贫到制度性扶贫;从救助制度分立到救助制度整合;从基本生活救助到综合救助;从消极救助取向到积极开发取向;从忽视社区作用到重视社区作用(洪大用,2003d)。当然,这些转变并没有全部完成,有些方面只是表现出一定的趋势。在上述转变中,所谓“从道义性扶贫到制度性扶贫”的转变,有可能引起一些人的批评。因为,在某种意义上,道义与制度往往是密切相关的。有时道义需要通过制度来体现…     

垄断劳动力市场、最低工资限制和不平等

关于劳动力垄断市场对于加总经济和社会福利水平的影响,现有主流经济学已经有了很规范的结论,即垄断肯定会造成产出水平和社会福利水平的损失。本论文主要分析劳动力市场的垄断对不平等的影响以及最低工资限制对不平等的作用。本论文的分析表明:首先,同完全竞争的劳动力市场相比,完全垄断市场肯定会加剧不平等;其次,即使在完全竞争劳动力市场下,最低工资限制对不平等的影响也是不一定的,它具体取决于均衡状态劳动需求弹性的大小;最后,在劳动力市场存在买方垄断的情况下,高于完全垄断市场工资水平的最低工资限制肯定会使得失业和不平等同时改善。     

Bringing the Firms into Globalization Research: The Effects of Foreign Investment and Exports on Wages in Mexican Manufacturing Firms

Researchers specializing in organizations and labor markets have paid insufficient attention to the effects that foreign ownership of a firm and its orientation towards export production may have on the wages it pays to its workers. Using information from a nationally-representative sample of manufacturing firms in Mexico, a paradigmatic case of a developing country that is highly integrated into world markets, we find that foreign-owned and export-oriented firms pay considerably more than nationally-owned firms engaged in the production of goods for sale in the domestic market. Second, beyond paying higher wages to their workers, foreign-owned firms also raise the wages paid by domestic firms operating in the same regional labor markets. The wage premium in foreign and export-oriented firms cannot be explained by their size, industry, geographical location, productivity, use of advanced technology, or the sociodemographic composition of their workforce. We find evidence that wages in foreign-owned companies in Mexico are dependent on the country of origin of the capital investment. A greater difference between the industry-specific wages paid in the country of ownership and Mexico is associated with a higher wage premium in Mexican affiliates. Future work should strive to link information from foreign-owned affiliates with their parent companies abroad.