散杂居回族宗教信仰现状调查——来自山东省台儿庄区的实证研究

回族通常被认为是全民信仰伊斯兰教的民族,而笔者实地调查的结果显示,在台儿庄区93·3%信仰伊斯兰教的回族群众中,真正了解教义、实践宗教功修的人却比较少。这说明散杂居回族已逐渐改变着认同方式,并正在向血缘、公民身份、宗教等多元化的认同准则转变。     

A study on geographically weighted spatial autoregression models with spatial autoregressive disturbances

Abstract

Spatial heterogeneity and correlation are both considered in the geographical weighted spatial autoregressive model. At present, this kind of model has aroused the attention of some scholars. For the estimation of the model, the existing research is based on the assumption that the error terms are independent and identically distributed. In this article we use a computationally simple procedure for estimating the model with spatially autoregressive disturbance terms, both the estimates of constant coefficients and variable coefficients are obtained. Finally, we give the large sample properties of the estimators under some ordinary conditions. In addition, application study of the estimation methods involved will be further explored in a separate study.     

Assessing competency-based evaluation course impacts: A mixed methods case study

The contexts in which evaluators develop and apply their expertise are increasingly complex; evaluator education needs to provide robust opportunities to support and assess the progressive, lifelong development of relevant knowledge and skills. This mixed methods case study begins to address the dearth of empirical evidence assessing the impacts and learner experiences of competency-based approaches to evaluator education. A decade-in-the-making doctoral evaluation course based on the Canadian Evaluation Society’s Competencies for Canadian Evaluation Practice created an opportune study setting. We applied a systems perspective to Stufflebeam’s Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP) model to frame the case study analysis and presentation of the complex impacts generated by pre/post course competency self-assessments and reflections, integrated with an end-of-course focus group. Seven insights shed new light on the effective course design and implementation features for developing intended and unintended evaluator competencies. We conclude with a discussion of the theoretical, practical, and methodological implications for effective competency-based evaluator education.

• •Keywords: Case study; Competency-based approach; Evaluator education; Mixed methods research

     

Economic statistical design of X‾-control charts: Modified version of Rahim and Banerjee (1993) model

Rahim and Banerjee considered a constant integral of the hazard function for all sampling intervals. This led the sampling intervals to depend on the extended first sampling interval (h₁). Since this limitation might not lead to an optimal situation, we first showed that elimination of the mentioned restriction did not cause any significant change in the average quality cycle cost. So if one is looking for an ideal cost and the simplicity of the process, the approach taken in Rahim and Banerjee’s study is the best procedure to adopt. Moreover, in many cases of non-uniform sampling method the first sampling interval becomes so large and this can sometimes lead the production system to the out-of-control state due to unexpected failures that might happen during that time. Therefore, we proposed a new model of uniform and non-uniform sampling intervals combination that allows us to confine the value of h₁ without undergoing high costs. The proposed model showed that the quality cycle cost of the proposed model is lower than Rahim and Banerjee’s model in the economic-statistical state. For more illustration, we conducted sensitivity analysis and gave numerical examples.     

Context matters: Using mixed methods timelines to provide an accessible and integrated visual for complex program evaluation data

The need for conducting evaluations which reflect of the influence of context on complex programs is increasingly recognized in the field of evaluation. Better data visualization techniques for connecting context with program evaluation data are needed. We share our experience developing a mixed methods timeline to visualize complexity and context with evaluation data. Mixed methods timelines provide a meaningful way to show change over time in both a visually stimulating and accessible format for evaluation audiences. This paper provides an innovative example of using mixed methods timelines to integrate evaluation data with key program activities and milestones, while also showing internal and external contextual influences in one cohesive visual. We present methods and best practices for collecting contextual data and for incorporating a variety of data sources into such a visual. We discuss several strategies to collect and organize context related data including: qualitative interviews, program materials, narrative reports, and member checking with stakeholders and staff. Gathering multiple perspectives is essential to better capture the multi-layered elements of program activities and context.     

Scheduling aerial resource operations for the extinction of large-scale wildfires

The significant increase in large-scale wildfire events in recent decades, caused primarily by climate change, has resulted in a growing number of aerial resources being used in suppression efforts. Present-day management lacks efficient and scalable algorithms for complex aerial resource allocation and scheduling for the extinction of such fires, which is crucial to ensuring safety while maximizing the efficiency of operations. In this work, we present a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) optimization model tailored to large-scale wildfires for the daily scheduling of aerial operations. The main objective is to achieve a prioritized target water flow over all areas of operation and all time periods. Minimal target completion across individual areas and time periods and total water output are also maximized as secondary and ternary objectives, respectively. An efficient and scalable multi-start heuristic, combining a randomized greedy approach with simulated annealing employing large neighborhood search techniques, is proposed for larger instances. A diverse set of problem instances is generated with varying sizes and extinction strategies to test the approaches. Results indicate that the heuristic can achieve (near)-optimal solutions for smaller instances solvable by the MILP, and gives solutions approaching target water flows for larger problem sizes. The algorithm is parallelizable and has been shown to give promising results in a small number of iterations, making it applicable for both night-before planning and, more time-sensitive, early-morning scheduling.     

Joint (k,l)-hurdle random effects models for mixed longitudinal power series and normal outcomes

A random effects model for analyzing mixed longitudinal normal and count outcomes with and without the possibility of non ignorable missing outcomes is presented. The count response is inflated in two points (k and l) and the (k, l)-Hurdle power series is used as its distribution. The new distribution contains, as special submodels, several important distributions which are discussed, such as (k, l)-Hurdle Poisson and (k, l)-Hurdle negative binomial and (k, l)-Hurdle binomial distributions among others. Random effects are used to take into account the correlation between longitudinal outcomes and inflation parameters. A full likelihood-based approach is used to yield maximum likelihood estimates of the model parameters. A simulation study is performed in which for count outcome (k, l)-Hurdle Poisson, (k, l)-Hurdle negative binomial and (k, l)-Hurdle binomial distributions are considered. To illustrate the application of such modelling the longitudinal data of body mass index and the number of joint damage are analyzed.     

Acquired middle managers’ strategy roles and value creation in cross-border acquisitions

Middle managers (MMs) are important organisational players. In intra-organisational settings, their enactment of strategy roles has been linked to value creation. In this paper, we study this question in the context of acquisitions. An acquisition removes the acquired MMs' upward links towards top management and introduces new players (i.e., acquiring MMs) who influence their work. This paper explores whether acquired MMs are able to enact their strategy roles in the post-acquisition era, and if so, how this contributes to acquired-unit value creation. Adopting an actor-based, mixed-methods research design studying cross-border acquisitions, our findings contribute to the debate on managerial roles and acquisition value creation. We found that value-creating transactions are represented by acquired MMs' enactment of the strategy roles of implementing and championing, while value-declining transactions are represented by acquired MMs' enactment of the synthesising role. Notwithstanding, the relationship between acquired-firm value creation and acquired MMs' strategy role enactment is contingent upon acquired and acquiring MMs' relationships. Going forward, we call for more research on managers’ effects on acquisition value creation.     

Teaching mixed methods research: using a socio-ecological framework as a pedagogical approach for addressing the complexity of the field*

Mixed methods research is growing in acceptance and complexity, which translates into significant pedagogical challenges for teaching about mixed methods research. To address this challenge and to contribute to creating a pedagogical culture for teaching research methods, we developed a practically focused conceptual framework for describing the field of mixed methods research and used this framework to structure an Introduction to Mixed Methods Research course. Our socio-ecological framework describes the field of mixed methods within three nested and interacting levels: the mixed methods research process, content, and contexts. The course introduces students to each level and its components and considers how the framework accounts for different perspectives, issues, and debates found within the field. Course evaluations suggest that the new pedagogical approach helps students successfully understand and navigate the complexity and nuances of the mixed methods field, and develop foundational knowledge for designing and implementing a mixed methods study.     

A comparison of methods for constructing confidence intervals on contrasts in a three-factor mixed model

This paper compares several methods for constructing a confidence interval on contrasts of fixed effects in a balanced three-factor mixed factorial design with one fixed effect and two random effects. In particular, confidence intervals constructed using PROC MIXED of SAS are compared to other intervals that have been proposed in the literature. Computer simulation is used to compare interval lengths, and determine each method's ability to maintain the stated confidence coefficient.