《诗经》的四言句式与周代诗歌的四拍式节奏

本文在严格、详尽统计的基础上 ,论述《诗经》中四言句和杂言句的比重 ,从而认为 :《诗经》整齐划一的四言句式的形式 ,主要是受了内容之外的与节奏有关的强大因素制约的结果。     

Small area estimation under unit-level temporal linear mixed models

Data from past time periods and temporal correlation are rich sources of information for estimating small area parameters at the current period. This paper investigates the use of unit-level temporal linear mixed models for estimating linear parameters. Two models are considered, with domain and domain-time random effects. The first model assumes time independency and the second one AR(1)-type time correlation. They are fitted by a Fisher-scoring algorithm that calculates the residual maximum likelihood estimators of the model parameters. Based on the introduced models, empirical best linear unbiased predictors of small area linear parameters are studied, and analytic estimators for evaluating the performance of their mean squared errors are proposed. Three simulation experiments are carried out to study the behaviour of the fitting algorithm, the small area predictors and the estimators of the mean squared error. By using data of the Spanish surveys of income and living conditions of 2004–2008, an application to the estimation of 2008 average normalized net annual incomes in Spanish provinces by sex is given.     

Examining mixing methods in an evaluation of a smoking cessation program

Three different methods were used in an evaluation of a smoking cessation study: surveys, focus groups, and phenomenological interviews. The results of each method were analyzed separately and then combined using both a pragmatic and dialectic stance to examine the effects of different approaches to mixing methods. Results show that the further apart the methods are philosophically, the more diverse the findings. Comparisons of decision maker opinions and costs of the different methods are provided along with recommendations for evaluators’ uses of different methods.     

Two-step and likelihood methods for joint models of longitudinal and survival data

We compare the commonly used two-step methods and joint likelihood method for joint models of longitudinal and survival data via extensive simulations. The longitudinal models include LME, GLMM, and NLME models, and the survival models include Cox models and AFT models. We find that the full likelihood method outperforms the two-step methods for various joint models, but it can be computationally challenging when the dimension of the random effects in the longitudinal model is not small. We thus propose an approximate joint likelihood method which is computationally efficient. We find that the proposed approximation method performs well in the joint model context, and it performs better for more “continuous” longitudinal data. Finally, a real AIDS data example shows that patients with higher initial viral load or lower initial CD4 are more likely to drop out earlier during an anti-HIV treatment.     

流动儿童城市社会交往的逻辑——指向一种质量互释的混合研究

与其父辈不同,流动儿童的城市社会交往遵循独特的运作逻辑。从其城市生活的社会情境出发,学校类型、家庭教育与社区结构,都会影响到流动儿童与城市社会的接触机会、交往过程．从而产生不同的交往后果。学校在流动儿童城市社会交往中扮演着格外重要的角色,流动儿童的学校类型不同,其城市社会交往的逻辑迥异。在不同的学校空间,流动儿童建构出了不同的交往文化。公办学校的流动儿童获得了更多与城市儿童及其家长接触的机会,他们与城里人的交往频率也更高,因而更有可能冲破身份制度的藩篱,从结构上实现与城市的社会融合。民工学校流动儿童则正在经历从“文化再生产”到“社会再生产”的过程。     

Improving the parental self-agency of depressed Latino immigrant mothers: Piloted intervention results

Segmented assimilation theory posits that uneven rates of intergenerational acculturation—the process by which immigrants and their children learn the language and normative lifestyles of a new culture—can be detrimental to the parent-child relationship. This paper presents results on parental self-efficacy from an intervention study—Vida Alegre [Happy/Contented Life]—for depressed immigrant mothers that includes a three-session module based on Gottman & DeClaire (2001) concept of emotional bidding. Using a mixed-methods design, this study examines whether exposure to the intervention increased parental self-efficacy. Outcome data from the Parenting Self-Agency Measure (PSAM) administered at three points in time—pre-test, post-test, and 3 months follow-up—was analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test. Constant comparative analysis was used to code 3 focus groups and 10 post-treatment interviews. Results indicate a significant increase in parental self-efficacy between pre-test and post-test. An analysis of mixed methods results further highlights the importance of tailoring interventions to help immigrant parents reinterpret their child's communications to strengthen family relationships.     

应用混合密钥技术解决电子文件安全传输的方案

为保证电子文件进行传输的过程中具有隐秘性、完整性及不可否认性,通过对档案行业中的电子文件进行传输的特点和需求进行分析,应用JAVA编程语言对PKI公钥体系的支持,采用对称加密和数字签名混合使用的技术,设计出相应的解决方案,实现电子文件安全传输。     

A comparison of models for clustered binary outcomes: analysis of a designed immunology experiment

The lymphocyte proliferative assay (LPA) of immune competence was conducted on 52 subjects, with up to 36 processing conditions per subject, to evaluate whether samples could be shipped or stored overnight, rather than being processed on fresh blood as currently required. The LPA study resulted in clustered binary data, with both cluster level and cluster-varying covariates. Two modelling strategies for the analysis of such clustered binary data are through the cluster-specific and population-averaged approaches. Whereas most research in this area has focused on the analysis of matched pairs data, in many situations, such as the LPA study, cluster sizes are naturally larger. Through considerations of interpretation and efficiency of these models when applied to large clusters, the mixed effect cluster-specific model was selected as most appropriate for the analysis of the LPA data. The model confirmed that the LPA response is significantly impaired in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The LPA response was found to be significantly lower for shipped and overnight samples than for fresh samples, and this effect was significantly stronger among HIV-infected individuals. Surprisingly, an anticoagulant effect was not detected.     

The nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator for middle-censored data

In this note, we consider data subjected to middle censoring where the variable of interest becomes unobservable when it falls within an interval of censorship. We demonstrate that the nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator (NPMLE) of distribution function can be obtained by using Turnbull's (1976) EM algorithm or self-consistent estimating equation (Jammalamadaka and Mangalam, 2003) with an initial estimator which puts mass only on the innermost intervals. The consistency of the NPMLE can be established based on the asymptotic properties of self-consistent estimators (SCE) with mixed interval-censored data ( [Yu et al., 2000] and [Yu et al., 2001]).     

Mixed covering arrays of strength three with few factors

Covering arrays with mixed alphabet sizes, or mixed covering arrays, are useful generalizations of covering arrays that are motivated by software and network testing. Suppose that there are k factors, and that the ith factor takes values or levels from a set G_i of size g_i. A run is an assignment of an admissible level to each factor. A mixed covering array, MCA(N;t,k,g₁g₂…g_k), is a collection of N runs such that for any t distinct factors, i₁,i₂,…,i_t, every t-tuple from G_i1×G_i2×?×G_it occurs in factors i₁,i₂,…,i_t in at least one of the N runs. When g=g₁=g₂=?=g_k, an MCA(N;t,k,g₁g₂…g_k) is a CA(N;t,k,g). The mixed covering array number, denoted by MCAN(t,k,g₁g₂…g_k), is the minimum N for which an MCA(N;t,k,g₁g₂…g_k) exists. In this paper, we focus on the constructions of mixed covering arrays of strength three. The numbers MCAN(3,k,g₁g₂…g_k) are determined for all cases with k∈{3,4} and for most cases with k∈{5,6}.