知堂“和淡”文风渊源初探

知堂＂和淡＂文风的渊源,最远可追溯到古希腊＂节制＂理念和儒家中庸之道,希腊神话、六朝散体文章、清儒笔记等也是促成知堂＂和淡＂之文风的主要方面。周作人在回归＂边缘化＂的传统中塑造了中国散文的新品格。     

Stochastic compartmental mooeld with branching particles and disasters: sojourn time and related characteristics

A semi-Markov cornpartmental model with branching particies is considered. The notion of disaster is incorporated into the structure. The means of (i) the total sojourn time, (ii) the number of deaths, (iii)the number of births and (iv)the number of emigrant particles in the system are analysed. Some interesting relations connecting these means are established. A few special cases are discussed in detail.     

On the bayes risk incurred by using asymptotic shapes

Let X₁ X₂…denote Independent and Identically distributed random vectors whose common distributions form a multiparameter exponential family, and consider the problem of sequentially testing separated hypotheses. It is known that the sequential procedure which continues sampling until the likelihood ratio statistic for testing one of the hypotheses exceeds a given level approximates the optimal Bayesian procedure, under general conditions on the loss function and prior distribution. Here we ask whether the approximate procedure is Bayes risk efficient--that is, whether the ratio of the Bayes risk of the approximate procedure to the Bayes risk of the optimal procedure approaches one as the cost of samping approaches zero. We show that the answer depends on the choice of certain parameters in the approximation and the dimensions of the hypotheses.     

Weighted Median of the Data in Solving Least Absolute Deviations Problems

We consider the weighted median problem for a given set of data and analyze its main properties. As an illustration, an efficient method for searching for a weighted Least Absolute Deviations (LAD)-line is given, which is used as the basis for solving various linear and nonlinear LAD-problems occurring in applications. Our method is illustrated by an example of hourly natural gas consumption forecast.     

一种基于方差最大化的组合赋权评价方法及其应用

粗糙集权重确定方法利用属性重要度来确定属性的客观权重,这种方法克服了权重确定过分依赖专家经验知识的不足,但也忽略了各属性指标本身的重要性问题。本文将粗糙集权重确定方法与专家主观赋权的层次分析法相结合,基于方差最大化的原理提出了一种主客观组合赋权方法。粗糙集结合主观层次分析法的组合权重很好地将两者的优点有效结合,同时方差最大化原理也对传统组合权重确定方法进行了改进,使得权重的确定更加合理,更能有助于决策者做出决策。最后,用一个算例应用证明了该种组合赋权决策方法的可行性。     

Censored Exponential Data: Large Deviations for MLEs and Posterior Distributions

In this article, we consider several statistical models for censored exponential data. We prove a large deviation result for the maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) of each model, and a unique result for the posterior distributions which works well for all the cases. Finally, comparing the large deviation rate functions for MLEs and posterior distributions, we show that a typical feature fails for one model; moreover, we illustrate the relation between this fact and a well-known result for curved exponential models.     

Precise Large Deviations for Sums of Independent Random Variables with Consistently Varying Tails

In this article, we investigate the precise large deviations for a sum of independent but not identical distributed random variables. {X _n , n ≥ 1} are independent non-negative random variables with distribution functions {F _n , n ≥ 1}. We assume that the average of right tails of distribution functions F _n is equivalent to some distribution function F with consistently varying tails. In applications, we apply our main results to a realistic example (Pareto-type distribution) and obtain a specific result.