Acquisition of Telecommunications Bandwidth Under Economies of Scale in Size and Duration of Contracts*

Significant advances in information technology have brought about increased demand for bandwidth. Buyers of bandwidth often encounter bandwidth prices that are decreasing over time. Additionally, bandwidth prices at any point in time are decreasing in total bandwidth purchased and length of contracts. Therefore, buyers face complex decisions in terms of the number of contracts to buy, their bandwidth, and their lengths. In this article, we formulate models for the acquisition of bandwidth from a buyer's perspective. We begin with a model that allows varying contract durations under deterministic demand and without allowing shortages or overlapping contracts. We then formulate a simpler model, which restricts contract lengths over the planning horizon to be equal. We also solve the problem under probabilistic demand and allowing for shortages, which are satisfied by buying additional bandwidth at a premium. We perform numerical sensitivity analysis to compare the results of the models and illustrate the results with numerical examples. The numerical analyses illustrate that using relatively simple equal‐length contracts produces approximately the same results as the more complicated unequal‐length contract strategy.     

政策及经济环境对企业投资决策方法选择的影响

本文使用结构方程方法,基于问卷调查结果,对政策和经济环境变化对于企业投资决策方法选择的影响进行了研究。研究结果表明,政策环境对企业投资决策方法有影响,在政策因素变化条件下,上市公司回避使用净现值方法;经济环境对于企业投资决策方法影响不大,论文分析结果没有表现出经济因素是否变化对投资决策方法选择有明显影响。     

Impacts of government high-tech policy: a case study of CAD technology in China

Rapid growth of technology innovations promotes governments world-wide to actively explore the best way to realize its economic benefits. Likewise, Chinese government has positioned advances of high technology a driving-force to continued economic achievements, and launched various high-tech policies. This case study focuses on computer-aided design (CAD), a key field under policy support, discloses policy’s critical role. Interview/survey data from corporate and academic leaders were also collected and synthesized. The emergence of university–industry collaboration, capitalizing university intellectual property, and new modes in CAD innovation and technology diffusion are among those major findings. A Model is also proposed. The study provides new observations for debates to high-tech policy-makers and can benefit scholars and business managers seeking to understand the environment in China, and serve as a foundation for further policy and management research.     

从发展哲学角度看列宁新经济政策的价值

新经济政策是一个涉及经济、政治、文化发展的全面性政策。列宁正是在思考和实践新经济政策的过程中,科学地阐释了经济文化落后国家的发展基点、发展道路、发展主体、发展规律、发展动力等问题,从而使列宁社会发展理论得到了新的升华。新经济政策对于我们研究列宁社会发展理论、发掘列宁社会发展理论的当代价值,具有十分重要的意义。     

论两汉王朝西南边疆开发中的“各以地比”之治理方略

“各以地比”之治理方略,形成于西汉武帝开发“西南夷”之地,丰富、完善于两汉时期开发西南边疆的进程之中。此套方略的基本内容是,北方中原王用在稳固掌控西南北部蜀地的基础上,与蜀人一同治理巴地,并依托北部的巴蜀人对西南中、南部进行治理和开发。该方略切合酉南实际,卓有成效,对后世影响甚大。     

列宁“新经济政策”与邓小平“建设有中国特色社会主义理论”之比较思考

俄罗斯的"新经济政策"与"建设有中国特色社会主义理论"有相似点,坚定走建设有中国特色社会主义道路具有重大的历史意义.     

论澳大利亚“面向亚洲”政策的经济根源

在 70年代 ,澳大利亚政府开始推行面向亚洲政策 ,就其原因而言 ,主要是出于经济利益考虑。“面向亚洲”与澳大利亚自身经济特点、国际经济重心向亚太地区转移以及国际经济格局变化密切相关 ,同时也是澳大利亚与东亚、东南亚国家经济贸易往来发展的结果     

地方政府支出与农村居民消费需求：基于1998-2007年省级 面板数据的经验分析

 政府支出对居民消费需求产生挤出抑或挤入效应是理论界最近关注的焦点之一。本文在理论诠释地方政府支出对农村居民消费需求的传导机制以及模型建立的理论框架下,通过建立地方政府支出与农村居民消费支出之间的个体固定效应变截距模型,运用我国31个省份1998-2007年的经验数据进行实证检验,结果表明：地方政府财政支农支出对农村居民消费具有显著的挤入效应,而转移性支出与农村居民消费的相关程度并不明显。基于理论分析和实证检验结果,本文最后针对地方政府扩大农村居民消费提出相关建议。     

中国货币政策和财政政策相对有效性的实证研究

在我国由计划经济向市场经济的体制转轨过程中,货币政策和财政政策已成为我国宏观经济调节的主要手段,在我国的经济发展中发挥了重要作用。但货币政策和财政政策是各自独立的政策体系,由于作用的方式和条件有较大区别,其效果也有较大不同,文章试图应用脉冲响应函数和方差分解方法,对改革开放以来我国货币政策和财政政策的效果进行实证比较研究,并得出有关结论,为我国的宏观调控政策提供理论分析和实证检验的依据。