中华文化的辩证法特征

中华文化乃国脉之所系,源远流长,其因在于从中国哲学中汲取辩证法精华,深邃的辩证法思想形成中华文化多元一体的格局、和而不同的思维方式以及变中求新的发展观。     

The role and significance of endogenous firing costs in a matching model with endogenous job destruction

Traditional models of the labor market assume fixed firing costs. This paper explores the implications of variable firing costs, building this new assumption into a matching model with endogenous job destruction. The available evidence on the outcomes of cases brought to labor courts suggests that firing costs are negatively related with labor market tightness. In such a case, we may no longer invoke “rigidities” on labor markets as the cause of their poor performance. Our model yields three interesting results. First, labor markets may have multiple equilibria that cannot be Pareto-ordered; each with its own configuration in terms of average duration of unemployment and filled jobs, as well as employment protection. Second, the variability of firing costs produces a positive externality affecting the stability properties of these equilibria. Finally, the two externalities affect the efficiency of the social optimum, modifying the Hosios [Hosios, A.J., 1990. On the efficiency of matching and related models of search and unemployment. Review of Economic Studies 57, 279–298] condition. We use these results to interpret the recent history of European unemployment.     

Bayesian Analysis on a Noncentral Fisher–Student’s Hypersphere

Fisher succeeded early on in redefining Student’s t-distribution in geometrical terms on a central hypersphere. Intriguingly, a noncentral analytical extension for this fundamental Fisher–Student’s central hypersphere h-distribution does not exist. We therefore set to derive the noncentral h-distribution and use it to graphically illustrate the limitations of the Neyman–Pearson null hypothesis significance testing framework and the strengths of the Bayesian statistical hypothesis analysis framework on the hypersphere polar axis, a compact nontrivial one-dimensional parameter space. Using a geometrically meaningful maximal entropy prior, we requalify the apparent failure of an important psychological science reproducibility project. We proceed to show that the Bayes factor appropriately models the two-sample t-test p-value density of a gene expression profile produced by the high-throughput genomic-scale microarray technology, and provides a simple expression for a local false discovery rate addressing the multiple hypothesis testing problem brought about by such a technology.     

A three-stage hybrid approach for weight assignment in MADM

How to determine weights for attributes is one of the key issues in multiple attribute decision making (MADM). This paper aims to investigate a new approach for determining attribute weights based on a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model without explicit inputs (DEA-WEI) and minimax reference point optimisation. This new approach first considers a set of preliminary weights and the most favourite set of weights for each alternative or decision making unit (DMU) and then aggregates these weight sets to find the best compromise weights for attributes with the interests of all DMUs taken into account fairly and simultaneously. This approach is intended to support the solution of such MADM problems as performance assessment and policy analysis where (a) the preferences of decision makers (DMs) are either unclear and partial or difficult to acquire and (b) there is a need to consider the best "will" of each DMU. Two case studies are conducted to show the property of this new proposed approach and how to use it to determine weights for attributes in practice. The first case is about the assessment of research strengths of EU-28 member countries under certain measures and the second is for analysing the performances of Chinese Project 985 universities, where the weights of the attributes need to be assigned in a fair and unbiased manner.     

Sexual Life of Women with Multiple Sclerosis: A Qualitative Study

Objectives: To define the thoughts, emotions, experiences and perceptions of women with multiple sclerosis (MS) and to determine sexual, physical, and emotional effects of MS on patients. Methods: Twenty-one women were included into this qualitatively designed study. Results: Three baseline themes were defined as “uncertainty” arising from complaints due to numbness in extremities and loss of sense, balance or vision, “alterations in sexual life,” and “inability” as a result of deformities in marital status and gender role. Conclusion: Healthcare providers should evaluate MS patients meticulously as to sexual life and refer such patients to appropriate health centers.     

Adult mortality differentials associated with cigarette smoking in the USA

Although cigarette smoking has been extensively researched, surprising little knowledge has been produced by demographers using demographic perspectives and techniques. Thus, this paper contributes to the literature by extending a demographic framework to an important behavior for mortality research: cigarette smoking. In earlier works, the authors used nationally-representative data to show that cause of death patterns varied by smoking status and that multiple causes of death characterized smokers moreso than non-smokers. The present work extends previous analysis by estimating smoking status mortality differentials by underlying and multiple causes of death and by age and sex. Data from the 1986 National Mortality Followback Survey are related to data from the 1985 and 1987 National Health Interview Survey supplements to assess the smoking-related mortality differentials. We find that cigarette smoking is associated with higher mortality for all population categories studied, that the smoking mortality differentials vary across the different smoking status categories and by demographic group, and that the mortality differentials vary according to whether underlying cause or multiple cause patterns of death are examined. Moreover, the multiple cause analysis highlights otherwise obscured smoking-mortality relations and points to the importance of respiratory diseases and cancers other than lung cancer for cigarette smoking research.     

思维类型辨析

关于思维类型问题目前我国学界尚缺乏准确统一的界定。思维活动是由多种要素构成的复杂系统,根据其组成要素的性质不同,可以列出不同的分类标准,从而对思维进行比较全面的分类。根据思维的元素分为动作思维、意象思维和概念思维;其中除动作思维仍沿用惯称外,以“意象思维”取代习用的“形象思维”,以“概念思维”取代习用的“抽象思维”,更为确切。多元思维是同时以多种不同组分作为思维元素的思维,在此谨供探讨。     

媒体动员在制度变迁中的角色--以2011年以来的中国红十字会事件为例

通过制造或介入公共事件,媒体动员在当前中国政治社会发展中被视为制度变迁的重要动力。但是,以2011年以来中国红十字会遭致的一系列公共事件危机及其组织变迁为例,利用多源流理论对政治系统内外结构的分析却表明,媒体动员只是在问题流环节发挥着问题识别、舆论批评、框架整合与国民情绪酝酿的作用,而在替代性备选方案形成、政策企业家推动等制度变迁的核心领域则并无效能。因此,媒体动员在制度变迁中只是发挥着“社会喉舌”的角色,而不能过于夸大或过分乐观。     

Time truncated attribute control chart for the Weibull distribution using multiple dependent state sampling

In this article, an attribute control chart is proposed for time truncated tests using the Weibull distribution. The design of proposed control chart is presented using the multiple dependent state (MDS) sampling. The control chart coefficients are determined for various specified average run length. The efficiency of the proposed control chart is elaborated with the help of a simulation data and a real data. The proposed control chart perform better than the existing control chart in terms of average run length.