Managing Production and Distribution for Supply Chains in the Processed Food Industry

We develop and evaluate a modeling approach for making periodic review production and distribution decisions for a supply chain in the processed food industry. The supply chain faces several factors, including multiple products, multiple warehouses, production constraints, high transportation costs, and limited storage at the production facility. This problem is motivated by the supply chain structure at Amy's Kitchen, one of the leading producers of natural and organic foods in the United States. We develop an enhanced myopic two‐stage approach for this problem. The first stage determines the production plan and uses a heuristic, and the second stage determines the warehouse allocation plan and uses a non‐linear optimization model. This two‐stage approach is repeated every period and incorporates look‐ahead features to improve its performance in future periods. We validate our model using actual data from one factory at Amy's Kitchen and compare the performance of our model to that of the actual operation. We find that our model significantly reduces both inventory levels and stockouts relative to those of the actual operation. In addition, we identify a lower bound on the total costs for all feasible solutions to the problem and measure the effectiveness of our model against this lower bound. We perform sensitivity analysis on some key parameters and assumptions of our modeling approach.     

中国人口之分布: 附统计表与密度图

以最新、最权威的第六次人口普查数据及相关统计年鉴数据为基础,运用人口结构指数和相关统计分析方法,从空间属性和社会属性两个层面对成都市人口空间分布特征进行分析。研究表明：（1）从空间属性层面分析,成都市人口总量分布不均衡,空间分布悬殊较大,以五个主城区为中心,呈同心圆状向郊区急剧降低态势。同时,人口集中性及不均衡性较强,并呈现上升趋势;（2）从社会属性层面分析,少数民族人口主要分布在城市的西部与西北部;流动人口分布在中心城区和工业区;高学历人口集中在高等院校和科研院所的所在地;一二三产业人口呈同心圆由城市中心向外逐层分布趋势。     

非均匀分布下区间数排序可能度计算模型及其应用

区间数排序的可能度计算模型是学术界一直在不断探索的基础性问题之一。区间数刻画着事物属性特征的取值范围,以往学术界都假设在区间内的取值服从均匀分布。本文将均匀分布推广到一般分布,运用概率论的方法,构建了一个新的区间数排序的可能度计算模型,由此修正了以往关于两个区间数全等的定义,提出了区间数形等的概念,同时进一步修正了可能度的自反性条件和区间数的综合排序方法,并将理论应用于多属性决策问题,给出了基本的决策过程,通过实例决策问题的计算,呈现了新理论和新方法的可行性和合理性,具有很好的推广应用价值。     

衡量控制权私人收益的国际文献评论

本文评论了国际上关于衡量控制权私人收益的三种方法:价格溢价、控制权价值和控制权分布与控制权溢价相结合的方法。本文认为,价格溢价方法适应于公司股票全部流通并且实行一股一票制度,而控制权溢价方法适应于现金流量权与投票权分离的公司制度。控制权分布与控制权溢价结合的方法更具有一般性,适合于衡量现金流量权与投票权分离或一致两种情况下的私人收益。     

代际研究中终生收入估算偏差问题探讨

在我国代际收入流动性问题研究中,微观数据分析常用父代40岁左右的单年收入替代其终生收入,由此导致代际收入弹性估计偏大问题。文章假定微观个体观测值服从对数正态分布并进行建模,对个体终生收入做出统计预测。模拟得到学历为硕士人群的工资年增长率是本科人群的1.06倍,收入达到峰值的时间则晚了约8年,对全部人群父代的终生收入用其40岁左右收入逼近的思路可依据父代教育水平进行再次细分。     

举证责任分配理论之重构

从法律解释学的角度重新分析举证责任分配的本质。分析了举证责任分配的理论依据,阐释举证责任分配的理由;运用法律行为的相关理论证明举证责任分配的实体法解释的本质;从法律解释学的角度重新构造了举证责任分配。     

The modified slash Lindley–Weibull distribution with applications to nutrition data

This work presents an extension of the slash Lindley–Weibull distribution, of which it can be considered a modification. The new family is obtained by using the quotient of two independent random variables: a two-parameter Lindley–Weibull distribution divided by a power of the exponential distribution with parameter equal to 2. We present the pdf and cdf of the new distribution, analyzing their risk functions. Some statistical properties are studied and the moments and coefficients of asymmetry and kurtosis are shown. The parameter estimation problem is carried out by the maximum likelihood method. The method is assessed by a Monte Carlo simulation study. We use nutrition data, which are characterized by high kurtosis, to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed model.     

专业化市场在产业集群发展中的作用

中国产业集群的发展往往与一个或者多个专业批发市场相联系。中国的流通体制改革是中国专业化市场出现的重要原因。专业化市场对产业集群发展所起的作用可以说是中国特有的现象。先前的研究很少对中国这个特有现象给予重视。在产业集群和专业化市场的相互作用中,这些和产业集群有着密切联系的市场演变出不同的类型。专业化市场可以服务单个产业集群也可以服务多个产业集群。专业化市场可以细分为：房地产式,集群衍生式,中枢式和孵化器式。     

陕西农村劳动力流向分析

陕西农村劳动力流动地域分布特征明显。农村劳动力流动地域广阔,西部地区和省会及地级城市较集中,地域分布由省内为主转向以跨省流动为主,跨省劳务输出规模优势明显。不同地区就业收入差距较大以致务工地域比较集中。陕西农村劳动力流动产业分布以二、三产业居多,劳务品牌优势突出,不同产业收入差距较大,行业分布地域化明显。     

Pollutant Ground Concentrations of Nonneutrally Buoyant Particles

A methodology is suggested for the estimation of the mass density and the cumulative ground deposition of a nonvolatile, nonneutrally buoyant, air pollutant (liquid or solid) released from a polluted column (following an explosion caused during routine operation in, e.g., the chemical industry or due to any kind of hostile act) and deposited on the ground via gravitational settling. In many cases, the deposited mass due to gravitational settling constitutes a significant fraction of the original inventory released from the source. Implementation of the methodology in preliminary risk assessments can serve as an efficient tool for emergency planning for both immediate and long‐term measures such as evacuation and decontamination. The methodology considers, inter alia, an estimation of the critical particle diameter, particle size, and mass distributions along the polluted column. This methodology was developed to apply in rural regions since proper application of relevant meteorological input data can be accomplished mainly for such areas.