茶碱、咖啡因同时测定研究

对茶花瓣组织──十六烷基三辛基碘化铵──四苯硼钠──邻苯二甲酸二壬酯构成的茶碱传感器（Ⅰ）和以茶花瓣组织──三庚基十二烷基碘化铵──四苯硼钠──癸二酸二正辛酯构成的咖啡因传感器（Ⅱ）进行研制．借助计算机对市售医用茶碱片剂中互为干扰的茶碱、咖啡因进行同时测定，取得了满意结果．     

“劳资两利”中的国家利益——论毛泽东新民主主义劳资关系思想的精神实质

毛泽东新民主主义劳资关系思想的精神实质,是在实施"劳资两利"方针中逐渐突出了国家利益的重要性,并以国家利益引导、平衡和评判劳资双方的利益。其形成有哲学方法论层面原因、政治理论层面原因和党内实践层面原因。同时,毛泽东做到在解决劳资纠纷中保障国家利益,在教育党内外各方人士中维护国家利益,在执行新中国经济建设方针中体现国家利益。     

Bayesian and frequentist confidence intervals via adjusted likelihoods under prior specification on the interest parameter

Suppose a prior is specified only on the interest parameter and a posterior distribution, free from nuisance parameters, is considered on the basis of the profile likelihood or an adjusted version thereof. In this setup, we derive higher order asymptotic results on the construction of confidence intervals that have approximately correct posterior as well as frequentist coverage. Apart from meeting both Bayesian and frequentist objectives under prior specification on the interest parameter alone, these results allow a comparison with their counterpart arising when the nuisance parameters are known, and hence provide additional justification for the Cox and Reid adjustment from a Bayesian-cum-frequentist perspective, with regard to neutralization of unknown nuisance parameters.     

粮食危机、获取权与1959-1961年大饥荒的再解释

无论诉诸于农民退社权的剥夺、公共食堂,还是从政府救济能力、城市偏向的供应制度,这些单个因素或视角的解释不能让人信服地理解大饥荒发生的真正机制与根源。将解释大饥荒的各种因素纳入到一个能够包容各种假说在内的系统的政治经济学模型,增加了一些被现有文献所忽视的因素如家庭储备与社区共济机制失灵等因素。对大饥荒研究存在的两个重要争论是可以得到消解的,显然,关于大饥荒发生的解释应该同时侧重于粮食生产领域和分配领域,而关于Sen的粮食获取权理论也同样适用于对非市场经济的大饥荒进行解释。     

Information Properties for Concomitants of Order Statistics in Farlie–Gumbel–Morgenstern (FGM) Family

Let (X _i , Y _i ), i = 1, 2,…, n be independent and identically distributed random variables from some continuous bivariate distribution. If X _(r) denotes the rth-order statistic, then the Y's associated with X _(r) denoted by Y _[r] is called the concomitant of the rth-order statistic. In this article, we derive an analytical expression of Shannon entropy for concomitants of order statistics in FGM family. Applying this expression for some well-known distributions of this family, we obtain the exact form of Shannon entropy, some of the information properties, and entropy bounds for concomitants of order statistics. Some comparisons are also made between the entropy of order statistics X _(r) and the entropy of its concomitants Y _[r]. In this family, we show that the mutual information between X _(r) and Y _[r], and Kullback–Leibler distance among the concomitants of order statistics are all distribution-free. Also, we compare the Pearson correlation coefficient between X _(r) and Y _[r] with the mutual information of (X _(r), Y _[r]) for the copula model of FGM family.     

翻译怎一个“异”字了得？

作为翻译策略,“异化”与“归化”并无高低优劣之分,两者各有千秋,也各有短长,都有存在的必要。所以,过分强调“异化”或“归化”有失偏颇。翻译研究要做到百花齐放,百家争鸣,就应该多一些包容,让各种翻译研究方法同台竞技,从而促进翻译理论研究的繁荣兴旺。     

Survivor of Suicide Loss Support Group Facilitators: Do Peers and Professionals Differ?

ABSTRACT

Suicide is a major public health issue affecting countless people each year worldwide. Support groups are one of the few resources available to survivors of suicide loss to aid the healing journey. This study examined differences among support group facilitators based on status as a peer, professional, or peer/professional. Differences emerged among the facilitator types, particularly on attitudes of group effectiveness, the role of sharing stories in the group, when loss survivors should attend, and who should facilitate groups. The results provide important insights about group facilitation differences, though further research is necessary to understand effective approaches. A degree in social work was the most common educational background for facilitators who identified as professionals. As social workers often facilitate groups or work alongside peers in the provision of support groups across a variety of areas, the findings provide insights regarding facilitation differences to which social workers may need to attend.     

Surrogate models in ill-conditioned systems

Ridge versions of an ill-conditioned system are alleged to “act more like an orthogonal system” than the system itself. Alternatives, called surrogates and based on the conditioning of linear systems, are shown to yield smaller expected mean squares than OLS, and uniformly smaller residual sums of squares than ridge. Ridge and surrogate solutions are compared on several marques of orthogonality to include conditioning of dispersion arrays, variance inflation factors, isotropy of variances, and sphericity of contours of the estimators. For these, ridge typically exhibits erratic divergence from orthogonality as the ridge scalar evolves, often reverting back to OLS in the limit. In contrast, surrogate solutions converge monotonically to those from orthogonal systems. Invariance considerations constrain the computations to models in canonical form. Case studies serve to illustrate the central issues.     

A comparison of six methods of analysing row-column designs with inter-block information

Six methods of obtaining estimates of treatment effects in a row-column design are considered. Five methods use estimates of inter-row and inter-column variation, and the remaining method is Ordinary Least Squares. Using simulation, these methods are examined to see which are most appropriate for minimising the sum of the squared differences between the estimates of the elementary treatment contrasts and their true values. Recommendations are made of which methods to use.     

CLONING DATA: GENERATING DATASETS WITH EXACTLY THE SAME MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION FIT

This paper presents a simple computational procedure for generating ‘matching’ or ‘cloning’ datasets so that they have exactly the same fitted multiple linear regression equation. The method is simple to implement and provides an alternative to generating datasets under an assumed model. The advantage is that, unlike the case for the straight model‐based alternative, parameter estimates from the original data and the generated data do not include any model error. This distinction suggests that ‘same fit’ procedures may provide a general and useful alternative to model‐based procedures, and have a wide range of applications. For example, as well as being useful for teaching, cloned datasets can provide a model‐free way of confidentializing data.