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991.
For exponentially distributed failure times under general progressive censoring schemes, testing procedures for ordered failure rates are proposed using the likelihood ratio principle. Constrained maximum likelihood estimators of the failure rates are found. The asymptotic distributions of the test statistics are shown to be mixtures of chi-square distributions. When testing the equality of the failure rates, a simulation study shows that the proposed test with restricted alternative has improved power over the usual chi-square statistic with an unrestricted alternative. The proposed methods are illustrated using data of survival times of patients with squamous carcinoma of the oropharynx. 相似文献
992.
James E. Coughlan 《Journal of Population Research》2008,25(2):161-182
This paper describes the changing spatial distribution and concentration of Chinese and Vietnamese communities in Australia
over the two past decades. The research analyses data of individuals (i) born in the People’s Republic of China or Vietnam,
(ii) of Chinese or Vietnamese ancestry, and (iii) who spoke Chinese or Vietnamese languages at home. Basic demographic and
economic factors at the SLA level are considered to provide an initial discussion of meso-level factors which may have contributed
to changes in Chinese-and Vietnamese-Australian distributions and concentrations since 1986.
As expected, from field observations, the data reveal a contrasting picture of the spatial distribution and concentration
of the Chinese- and Vietnamese-Australian communities, and indicate that although a few areas of high Vietnamese spatial concentration
have persisted into 2006, and a few areas of high’ Chinese spatial concentration have developed since 1986, overall there
is an increasing dispersion of both communities into the broader Australian community. 相似文献
993.
Louis‐Paul Rivest 《Revue canadienne de statistique》2008,36(1):75-84
The author is concerned with log‐linear estimators of the size N of a population in a capture‐recapture experiment featuring heterogeneity in the individual capture probabilities and a time effect. He also considers models where the first capture influences the probability of subsequent captures. He derives several results from a new inequality associated with a dispersive ordering for discrete random variables. He shows that in a log‐linear model with inter‐individual heterogeneity, the estimator N is an increasing function of the heterogeneity parameter. He also shows that the inclusion of a time effect in the capture probabilities decreases N in models without heterogeneity. He further argues that a model featuring heterogeneity can accommodate a time effect through a small change in the heterogeneity parameter. He demonstrates these results using an inequality for the estimators of the heterogeneity parameters and illustrates them in a Monte Carlo experiment 相似文献
994.
995.
We study the properties of truncated gamma distributions and we derive simulation algorithms which dominate the standard algorithms for these distributions. For the right truncated gamma distribution, an optimal accept–reject algorithm is based on the fact that its density can be expressed as an infinite mixture of beta distribution. For integer values of the parameters, the density of the left truncated distributions can be rewritten as a mixture which can be easily generated. We give an optimal accept–reject algorithm for the other values of the parameter. We compare the efficiency of our algorithm with the previous method and show the improvement in terms of minimum acceptance probability. The algorithm proposed here has an acceptance probability which is superior to e/4. 相似文献
996.
使用高斯近似和最优化理论的方法,对基于LDPC码度分布的混合自动重发请求(HARQ)方案的性能进行了研究。研究表明,根据LDPC编码的度分布和初始信道条件,能够确定一个编码码字中各个度数的比特所对应的最优的重发比例,如果按照该比例进行重发,重发功率的效率能够最大化。计算结果显示基于LDPC码度分布的混合自动重发请求方案具有最优的重发比例,是一种最优化方案。 相似文献
997.
中卫型集群结构的运行绩效及对辽宁装备制造业的启示 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文从中卫型集群内企业的行为分析出发,通过集群内企业采取的不同行为对集群结构进行分类,从微观角度对其运行绩效进行了定性分析。在中卫型产业集群中,集群内部合作增强集群的竞争优势。集群整体的竞争优势的增强取决于核心企业是否在行业中具有绝对优势。并结合辽宁装备制造业的实际,提出了做优做强辽宁装备制造业龙头企业的意义及有效途径。 相似文献
998.
999.
This paper gives an exposition of the use of the posterior likelihood ratio for testing point null hypotheses in a fully Bayesian framework. Connections between the frequentist P-value and the posterior distribution of the likelihood ratio are used to interpret and calibrate P-values in a Bayesian context, and examples are given to show the use of simple posterior simulation methods to provide Bayesian tests of common hypotheses. 相似文献
1000.
Shortage of girls in China today 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
China has the most severe shortage of girls compared to boys of any country in the world today, as documented by China's surveys
and censuses up to 2000. This article evaluates data on sex ratios in China since before the founding of the People's Republic,
and shows that the relative dearth of girls has become more extreme during the last two decades, and that the problem is real
and not merely due to undercounting of girls. Daughters are lost primarily through sex-selective abortion, secondly through
excess female infant mortality, and thirdly through neglect or mistreatment of girls up to age three, in cities as well as
rural areas. Until recently, the dearth of girls was confined to second or higher-order births, but now couples in some provinces
are using sex-selective abortions for first births. Maps show the geographical concentration of life-threatening discrimination
against girls and its spread over time. Son preference, low fertility and technology combine to cause the loss of daughters
in China today and compulsory family planning and the one-child policy exacerbate the problem. The discussion includes what
the People's Republic of China has done to ameliorate life-threatening discrimination against girls and what further steps
might be taken to improve the situation. 相似文献