法律制度近代变迁的多样性——以上海道契为例

为了探究法律变迁的其他道路,采用实证研究和比较分析的方法,着眼于历史发展的不同侧面与不同过程,以不同的观察视角来进行研究。道契是外国人所持有的租界土地的产权凭证,围绕着道契产生的一系列的土地丈量、契证申领等地政管理方法具有近代法律的特征,这一时期的契证管理制度、专门的地政管理机构、总工程局以及吴淞开埠中的地政实践相较于传统已有很大变化。结果表明:国家变法并非法律变迁的惟一形式,还存在着不同的变迁道路,法律制度的这些变迁形式还成为国家改革事实上的准备和铺垫。     

英语动结构式的形式语义匹配

Goldberg&Jackendoff(2004:532-568)对英语动结构式进行了全面充分的诠释,他们把英语动结构式看成一个构式家族,这个构式家族之中的构式分支具有家族相似性(Fam ily Resemblance)。家族相似性决定了英语动结构式是一个开放性的系统,很多构式分支可以整合进来,同时也决定了它的构式分支是表层形式。首先运用维特根斯坦家族相似性理论对Goldberg&Jackendoff(2004)做进一步的分析,对他们未深入研究的特殊句式进行了翔实的识解,并最终添加两类动结构式分支。人的认知规律和语法化所造成的语言的外部和内部理据决定了英语动结构式家族丰富多彩的表层形式。     

从"三个代表"看共产党思维方式的转变

思维方式是人们思考问题、解决问题的基本方式和方法。随着党所处的历史方位的变化,党的思维方式也必然发生转变。“三个代表”重要思想是在科学判断党的历史方位的基础上提出来的,其深层次的根据是执政党的思维方式变革。只有从哲学思维方式变革的角度才能理解“三个代表”重要思想的深刻内涵和伟大意义。     

Ranked Additive Utility Representations of Gambles: Old and New Axiomatizations

A number of classical as well as quite new utility representations for gains are explored with the aim of understanding the behavioral conditions that are necessary and sufficient for various subfamilies of successively stronger representations to hold. Among the utility representations are: ranked additive, weighted, rank-dependent (which includes cumulative prospect theory as a special case), gains decomposition, subjective expected, and independent increments*, where * denotes something new in this article. Among the key behavioral conditions are: idempotence, general event commutativity*, coalescing, gains decomposition, and component summing*. The structure of relations is sufficiently simple that certain key experiments are able to exclude entire classes of representations. For example, the class of rank-dependent utility models is very likely excluded because of empirical results about the failure of coalescing. Figures 1–3 summarize some of the primary results.JEL Classification  D46, D81     

“三个代表”与科学社会主义

科学社会主义是马克思主义的核心问题。作者从社会主义发展的历史经验和资本主义发展出现的新情况、新问题出发,概括江泽民同志为什么要提出“三个代表”的重要思想及其指导意义。     

Constructions of Europe in the run-up to the EU referendum in the UK

The paper reports findings from a focus group study on representations of Europe, conducted in England in the run-up to the UK EU referendum. Four themes were identified in the analysis: ‘cultured Europe’; ‘little Europe/global Britain’; ‘Europe as a cultural threat’; and ‘Eastern vs. Western Europe’. Analysis of these themes showed that Europe was an ambivalent identity category that could encapsulate contrary ideas such as cosmopolitanism/isolationism and cultural enrichment/undermining. Europe’s relation to Britain was also ambivalent in the data. Britain could be positioned as superior to Europe, sometimes being seen as closer to the ‘European essence’ in the context of the EU’s eastward expansion, which was seen as diluting European culture. But, Britain could also be seen as backward compared to the idea of cosmopolitan continental Europe. These different lines of argument and their ideological underpinnings are explored in the discussion of the findings.     

Mental preparation during pregnancy in women with substance addiction: a qualitative interview‐study

The interplay between pregnancy and addiction is usually studied quantitatively, and the focus is often on the adverse effects of intrauterine substance exposure. This study explores the perspective of the mothers‐to‐be by examining the subjective experience of pregnancy in substance‐addicted women. Fourteen women in family treatment for substance use disorder participated in eight focus groups. The data were analysed according to interpretative phenomenological analysis. The findings show that recognition of pregnancy was distorted and delayed, and strong feelings of ambivalence and guilt persisted throughout pregnancy, along with hope for change. Addiction and an intense preoccupation with external expectations are seen as a threat to intrauterine attachment and mental preparation for the caregiving role. Interventions must take into account the specific ways in which addiction influences the psychological processes of pregnancy; specifically, providing adequate social support and security should be considered.     

Adaptive Order Determination for Constructing Time Series Forecasting Models

In time series modeling consistent criteria like Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) outperform in terms of predictability loss-efficient criteria like Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) when data are generated by a finite-order autoregressive process, and the reverse is true when data are generated by an infinite-order autoregressive process. Since in practice we don’t know the data-generating process, it is useful to have an adaptive criterion that behaves as either a consistent or just as a loss-efficient criterion, whichever performs better. Here we derive such a criterion. Moreover, our criterion is adaptive to effective sample sizes and not sensitive to maximum a priori determined order limits.     

Second home countryside. Representations of the rural in Finnish popular discourses

This paper focuses on the representation of post-productive countryside in Finland by exploring how the rural is presented in the context of second home tourism. Being an integral part of rural areas and their history, second homes are an established example of the post-productive consumption of countryside. The international and Finnish literature on rural images provides the theoretical framework for the paper. Research on rural visions has been active in recent years with an emphasis on the Anglocentric interpretations of the rural idyll. This paper contributes to this discussion by providing an empirical review of Finnish popular discourses of second homes. The review is based on an analysis of second-home owners' motives and media representations. The second home countryside is analysed as a farmscape, wildscape and activityscape. The results suggest that the Finnish second home landscape is seen as wilderness (1), life at second homes imitates visions of traditional rural life (2), and the environment is used for traditional consumptive and leisure activities (3).     

The Rehabilitation of Common Sense: Social Representations,Science and Cognitive Polyphasia

In Psychoanalysis, its image and its public (PIP) Moscovici introduced the theory of social representations and took further the project of rehabilitating common sense. In this paper I examine this project through a consideration of the problem of cognitive polyphasia, and the continuity and discontinuity between different systems of knowing. Focusing on the relations between science and common sense. I ask why, despite considerable evidence to the contrary, the scientific imagination tends to deny its relation to common sense and believe that can displace it. I argue that the psychosocial dynamic between common sense and science is revealing of how heavily they are entangled in, and indeed indebted to each other. Even more, this dynamic allows for a full appreciation of what the theory of social representations calls states of cognitive polyphasia. Different systems of thinking and knowing do not displace each other but live side by side, co‐existing in a variety of ways, fulfilling different functions and answering different needs in social life.