Some remarks on the physical models concerning two different approaches to inference in statistical process control

Summary For technological applications it can be useful to identify some simple physical mechanisms, which, on the basis of the available knowledge of the production process, may suggest the most appropriate approach to statistical control of the random quantities of interest. For this purpose the notion of rupture point is introduced firstly. A rupture point is characterized bym randomly arising out of control states, assumed to be mutually exclusive and stochastically independent. Shewhart's control charts seem to represent the natural statistical tool for controlling a rupture point; however it is shown that they are fully justified only when the hazard rates attached to the causes of failure are constant. Otherwise, typically in the presence of time increasing hazard rates, Shewhart's control charts should be completed by a preventive intervention rule (preventive maintenance). In the second place, the notion of dynamic instability point is introduced, which is specifically characterized by assuming that the random quantity of interest is ruled by a stochastic differential equation with constant coefficients. By discretization, developed according to a possibly new approach, it is shown that the former model reduces to an equation error model, which is among the simplest used in adaptive control, and thus particularly easy to deal with in regard to parameter estimation and the definition of the optimum control rule.     

变质量任意阶非线性非完整系统的相对论性广义Mac-Millan型方程

提出了变质量系统的相对论性万有D’Alembert原理,构造了相对论性广义动能函数,建立了变质量任意阶非线性非完整系统在准坐标下和广义坐标下的相对论性广义Mar-Millan型方程,并得到厂相应的型方程     

构建以人为本的英语教学模式

传统的英语教育模式忽视了学生的个性意识、个性特点和个性需要,违背了人本主义的教育教学理念。如何提高教学效率一直是外语教师主要探讨的问题。文章运用人本主义的教学理念,结合实际探讨了如何构建以人为本的新型教学模式以改进英语教学,提高教学效率。以人为本的新型教学模式包括:创立民主愉悦的课堂教学环境、构建个性化的学习空间、设计师生共同探索的教学活动、建立协作性的教学模式。     

商标权保护与平行进口问题研究

文章从国际货物贸易中的专利平行进口问题的含义,重点在于对“权利穷竭”原则与“地域性”原则两种理论依据进行相关内容分析。通过分析世界各国对待商标平行进口的态度,对当前中国知识产权领域商标平行进口立法方向做出自己的判断。     

意象是心灵上的图画

探讨了意象的渊源及其互为影响、超越时空的意象差异、不同语境的理解与阐释以及意象作为文艺作品生命的细胞,并分析了它们在跨文化交流中所起的作用。     

Statistics for weighing benefits and harms in a proposed genetic substudy of a randomized cancer prevention trial

Summary.  When evaluating potential interventions for cancer prevention, it is necessary to compare benefits and harms. With new study designs, new statistical approaches may be needed to facilitate this comparison. A case in point arose in a proposed genetic substudy of a randomized trial of tamoxifen versus placebo in asymptomatic women who were at high risk for breast cancer. Although the randomized trial showed that tamoxifen substantially reduced the risk of breast cancer, the harms from tamoxifen were serious and some were life threaten-ing. In hopes of finding a subset of women with inherited risk genes who derive greater bene-fits from tamoxifen, we proposed a nested case–control study to test some trial subjects for various genes and new statistical methods to extrapolate benefits and harms to the general population. An important design question is whether or not the study should target common low penetrance genes. Our calculations show that useful results are only likely with rare high penetrance genes.     

一类非线性波动方程的新精确解

利用李群对称方法,通过构造变换不变量,将一类1 1维非线性波动方程化为常微分方程,得到了这一类非线性波动方程的一些新的显式精确解,包括孤子解、三角函数解和椭圆函数周期解。     

英汉习语的文化翻译

由于文化背景的不同,英汉两种语言的习语文化内涵也有差异。该文先从思维方式、风俗习惯、宗教神话和地域环境四方面讨论了英汉习语文化内涵的不同,然后分析了引起习语翻译障碍的原因,依据等效翻译理论对习语翻译的方法作了简要探讨。     

论科技期刊的品牌资本

科技期刊的品牌资本是其生存和发展的关键因素,品牌资本体现了社会效益与经济效益的同一性。品牌资本的价值回归是一个缓慢但却是相当稳定的过程。通过抽样调查和方差分析,定量说明了上述论点的正确性。     

关于丢番图方程x2+by=cz

设s,t满足gcd(s,t)=1,s>t的正整数,a=2st,b=s~2-t~2,c=s~2+t~2。证明了:若c为素数幂且满足下列条件之一:(1)b有因子b_1≡±5(mod8),(2)b≡-1(mod8),(3)5|c。则不定方程x~2+b~y=c~z仅有一组正整数解(x,y,z)=a,2,2。