域外植物的输入与中古社会

大量域外植物入华是汉武帝时代丝路开通后的结果,外来的植物引种在魏晋南北朝时得到推广。域外传入的植物用途主要有观赏、食用和用作香料、医药等方面,域外植物的引进改变了中国人的膳食结构,丰富了饮食文化,提高了人们的生活水平,对于中国中古社会的农业生产、饮食文化、医学医药、民间信仰和文学艺术产生了积极影响。有关种植技术的记载出现在魏晋南北朝时期的著述中,反映了这些外来植物在这一时期广泛种植并积累了丰富经验的实际情况。域外植物的种植推动了商品经济的发展。     

Iranian consecration of Irish nationalist ‘martyrs’: the Islamic Republic of Iran and the 1981 republican prisoners’ hunger strike in Northern Ireland

This article focuses on the official and semi-official Iranian coverage and representation of the 1981 republican prisoners’ hunger strike in Northern Ireland and the related corporeal constructs of the hunger strikers as ‘martyred’ bodies. The particular characterization and utilization of Irish republican hunger strikers by media outlets, officials, and other propagandists of the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) was an instance of groups outside Northern Ireland appropriating Irish nationalist bodies for their own ends. IRI commentators re-articulated the starving bodies of Irish republican hunger strikers, re-infusing them with symbolic meanings in a cross-cultural and ideologically laden configuration in the service of IRI’s self-projection as the patron of worldwide struggles for justice and liberation against the twin forces of imperialism and domestic opponents. In the process, IRI added its own layers of agency and politically crafted somatic meaning to the hunger strike. Meanwhile, IRI’s extensive advocacy of the republican hunger strike in Northern Ireland was eagerly welcomed by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA), to which most hunger strikers belonged; with PIRA and its political wing, Provisional Sinn Féin, hoping to secure diplomatic recognition, and possibly material aid, from the Iranian government for bolstering PIRA’s domestic and international standing vis-à-vis the British government.     

Lone Parents in Northern Ireland: The Effectiveness of Work Incentives

In recent years social policy in relation to lone parents has placed heavy emphasis on increasing the participation of this group in the labour market. If anything, the newly elected Labour government appears to be more committed to this objective than its predecessor. This paper details some of the findings from a focus-groups exercise with lone mothers in Belfast conducted in 1995. The data underline the limitations of many aspects of the measures taken to encourage lone parents to work and raise questions about the appropriateness of current policy.     

魏晋南北朝佛经词语考释

魏晋南北朝时翻译的佛经文献保存了当时出现的大量新词和新义,对汉语史的研究和辞书编纂有着重要意义。本文诠释了当时泽经中的几个词语。     

论北朝的慈善事业

北朝的慈善事业比之前代有了进一步的发展,这在官方、民间和佛寺慈善活动三方面均得到体现。该时期官方慈善事业呈现出在地域、时间上的不平衡性和总体上十分活跃的若干特征。佛寺慈善事业具有和官府关系密切、出现了佛寺慈善机构以及相对前代和南朝更为兴盛几个特点,这些特点对后世产生了深远影响。该时期慈善事业对保持社会稳定、促进经济和文化的发展有一定的作用。     

魏晋南北朝史学接受述论

魏晋南北朝时期,史学发展成为一门独立的学科。这一时期史学传播,主要通过了学校中的历史教学以及社会上各种形式的历史知识普及。史书的阅读和接受成为了普遍的社会现象,以历代正史为主的史书被广泛的阅读。这一时期的史学接受,体现出广泛性、多样性和复杂性等特征。接受的效果在专业研究领域,日常生活领域以及国家政治活动中均有所反映。     

北宋晚期政局与讲议司置废

讲议司是北宋徽宗时期以讲议财赋为目的的临时机构,是三省、枢密院的附属官司。该机构以恢复神宗熙丰法为名,以聚敛财赋为目的,侵夺三省、枢密院之权,讲议的对象包括宗室、国用、商旅、盐泽、赋调、冗官、尹牧诸事。讲议司的两次设置,体现了徽宗的理想和蔡京的施政抱负,对北宋晚期政治产生了重要影响;因之形成的大批财务官僚,对南宋初期的经济社会稳定发挥着一定的作用。     

论魏晋南北朝时期符瑞思想的整合

符瑞思想发展到魏晋南北朝时期,从多个层面呈现出总结与整合的态势。《瑞应图》类作品对符瑞物象的汇集并付诸图录,《宋书·符瑞志》对先秦、两汉以来符瑞思想的全面申述,《南齐书·祥瑞志》《魏书·灵征志》对南齐、北魏符瑞之说的断代载记,都是这种态势的显著表现。     

Highly religious young Catholics in Northern Ireland: Renewing the Catholic landscape?

This article explores findings from a 2022 survey of students associated with the Catholic Chaplaincy at Queen's University, Belfast. It is the first study to investigate the beliefs, practices, and experiences of highly religious young Catholics in Northern Ireland. It presents survey findings on beliefs, practices, and influences on faith; dynamics of increased religiosity; and views on Church teachings on same sex relationships, euthanasia, sexual relationships, and abortion. Women are more likely to disagree with Church teachings on these issues than men. The survey confirms the importance of family socialization but finds that a substantial minority experience religious change at university. Respondents prioritize renewal but disagree on how to prompt it: some advocate greater ‘openness’ to women, LGBTQ+, and others perceived as marginalized; and others feel ‘evangelization’ should be emphasized. ‘Post-secular Catholicism’ is used as a foundation for reflections on religious persistence among Northern Ireland's young Catholics, raising questions about their potential role in renewing Ireland's Catholic landscape in light of the synodal process underway in the Church.     

试析北宋人对辽朝政治中心的认识

北宋人通过与辽朝的长期交往,已经认识到辽朝的社会面貌与以往纯粹的中原城国和北方草原行国不同,是行国和城国兼有,且以行国特色最为突出。其政治中心不是契丹皇帝四季迁徙的捺钵(行在、营盘),不是有城郭宫室的上、中、南三京,也不是皇帝直属的特殊集团组织行宫(斡鲁朵、宫、宫卫),而是一年之中有规律迁徙移动的以契丹皇帝牙帐为核心的中央政府。在称谓上,他们多是借用了历史上中原人对北方草原行国政治中心的称呼。