Organizational Compatibility and Workplace Drug Testing: Modeling the Adoption of Innovative Social Control Practices

Few researchers have examined organizational variation in the adoption of workplace drug testing, but innovation theory suggests that adoption is more likely when it is compatible with an organization's values, previously introduced ideas, and needs. Using data from the 1997 National Employee Survey, this research models the effects of organizational compatibility, industry, and establishment size on the adoption of drug testing. The data reveal that compatibility, as measured by an organization's rules orientation, presence of an employee assistance program, and mechanization, is associated with the adoption of drug testing. As predicted, the adoption of drug testing varies across industries and by establishment size.     

外语教学法研究的历史及其当前意义

外语教学有着悠久的历史 ,在漫长的过程中 ,外语教学经历了很大的发展。本文简要地叙述了外语教学法研究的历史 ,分析和论述了外语教学法的历史演变 ,以及当前外语教学的发展趋向 ,这对改革我们当前的外语教学 ,推动外语教学研究的深入 ,都有着十分重要的意义     

情感：生活意义的感受与体验

情感是最基本的心理现象和心理过程之一，也是最为扑朔迷离的心理——精神现象之一。情感不仅仅是一种感受与体验，一种对意义的感受与体验，更是一种对人生价值、生命意义的感受与体验；人的情感所感受与体验到的之所以是人生的价值、生命的意义，首先是因为情感与生命有着极其密切的关联，其次是因为追寻价值与意义是人的生命的本质特征。人生价值、生命意义实质上是生活价值、生活意义，故情感是对生活意义的感受与体验。     

企业管理者的人格魅力

管理者人格魅力的表现量度,关系着企业经济效益的增值态势,是市场经济条件下企业整体营销的关键元素之一。本文分析了表现管理者人格魅力的现实必要性;管理者人格魅力的具体内涵;管理者人格魅力显现出的价值意义等主要内容,提出企业管理者应该进行自身的人格定位。     

论陈云的求实品格

陈云求实的精神品格,是在马克思主义理论熏陶下,在中国革命和建设具体实践过程中逐步形成和发展起来的.陈云求实的精神品格具有丰富的内涵:思维方式上的辩证方法--"交换、比较、反复";行为方式上的务实态度--"不唯上、不唯书、只唯实";价值取向上的民本立场--"时刻注意为群众谋福利".学习、研究陈云求实的精神品格,具有极其重大的现实意义:有利于坚持实事求是态度,更好地推进中国特色社会主义建设;有利于坚持以人为本,更好地推进人的全面发展.     

The availability of personal and external coping resources: Thier impact on job stress and employee attitudes during organizational restructuring

This study examines the relationships among personal coping resources, social support, external coping resources, job stressors and job strains in a sample of 110 American Telephone and Telegraph employees undergoing a major organizational restructuring. The study expanded on a model suggested by Ashford (1988) by defining another category of coping resources that employees may draw upon to deal with the stressors and strains which occur during major organizational changes. External coping resources were defined as those which provided employees with a sense of 'vicarious control' in stressful situations. Results indicated that personal coping resources, social support and external coping resources had a direct effect upon job stressor and strain levels. No 'buffering' effect of these coplng resources was found. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that external coping resources added to the prediction of job stressors and strains even when pertonal coping resources and social support were entered first into the prediction questions.     

A modified false discovery rate multiple-comparisons procedure for discrete data, applied to human immunodeficiency virus genetics

Summary.  To help to design vaccines for acquired immune deficiency syndrome that protect broadly against many genetic variants of the human immunodeficiency virus, the mutation rates at 118 positions in HIV amino-acid sequences of subtype C versus those of subtype B were compared. The false discovery rate (FDR) multiple-comparisons procedure can be used to determine statistical significance. When the test statistics have discrete distributions, the FDR procedure can be made more powerful by a simple modification. The paper develops a modified FDR procedure for discrete data and applies it to the human immunodeficiency virus data. The new procedure detects 15 positions with significantly different mutation rates compared with 11 that are detected by the original FDR method. Simulations delineate conditions under which the modified FDR procedure confers large gains in power over the original technique. In general FDR adjustment methods can be improved for discrete data by incorporating the modification proposed.     

Progress and cumulation in the human sciences after the fall

What do we mean by progress and cumulation in the social and human sciences? Recent thinking in the philosophy and history of science has led to an abandonment of some versions of logical positivism and of verificationism that had a strong deductive and theory testing orientation. What is to replace them is less clear. This paper argues that progress and cumulation can be seen as a process of evaluation and retention within an epistemic community. Scholarly disciplines differ in their social structure and in their epistemic and normative commitments. Since sociology is a fragmented discipline, progress and cumulation differ within its multiple subdisciplines, which to varying extents represent epistemic communities. Brief sketches of progress (advance) and cumulation in several subdisciplines are offered.     

毛泽东现代化建设理念的当代意义

毛泽东所追求的现代化不等同于西方意义上的现代化,它不仅仅是要达到这样一个目的:使社会整体从传统化为现代,它更是要在中国的现实国情基础上,尝试探索出一条中国式的社会主义现代化之路。毛泽东关于中国现代化建设的基本理念和经验教训,对于我们今天的现代化建设仍有重要意义。     

试论建设节约型社会的重要意义

建设节约型社会,可以使我们正确认识我国现阶段的发展水平,避免盲目的高消费;有利于提高我国的科学技术水平和生产力;有利于进一步加强政治体制改革、反腐防腐;有利于我国社会的可持续发展和建设和谐社会;有利于教育广大人民群众、尤其是年青一代形成良好的社会风气,使我国勤俭节约、艰苦朴素的光荣传统得到发扬光大。