A Method for Designing Three-Hypothesis Test Problems and Sequential Schemes

In applications, a two-sided hypothesis test problem sometimes needs to be changed to a three-hypothesis one with the two alternative hypotheses properly selected. In this article, we obtain the hypothesis design and the three-hypothesis sequential test scheme under the Koopman–Darmois distribution by solving a system of equations that meet requirements on the error rates and average sample number. This method provides a useful guide for practitioners to design hypotheses in multihypothesis test problems with controlled error rates and sampling cost. Formulas of the scheme's error rates and average sample number are obtained using numerical quadrature for the discrete-time situation.     

宽带数字正交技术及性能分析

讨论了几种宽带数字基于傅里叶变换和离散滤波器的Ｈｉｌｂｅｒｔ变换以及对基带内任意带通信号特殊的正交变换技术，并利用Ｇｒａｍ－Ｓｃｈｉｎｉｄｔ正交化校准原理分析了这几种数字正交技术的性能以及Ｉ、Ｑ通过间的幅度和相位不平衡误差。计算机模拟结果表明，除了Ｈｉｌｂｅｒｔ滤波器的不平衡度较大外，其余两种数字正文技术在较宽的频率范围内都能保持很高的镜像抑制，这为实现宽带实时的数字Ｉ、Ｑ通道提供了工程保证。     

网络时代的中国社会规则变迁——从二元规则转向三元规则

网络时代背景下,网络集体行动、网络问政、网络监督在虚拟空间逐渐形成新的网络规则,并向现实公共空间延伸。网络时代社会规则系统由二元规则博弈演变为三元规则博弈,三重规则形成既对立又统一的规则统一体,规则间博弈态势决定着社会规则系统的整体结构,进而改变个体行为与策略选择的规则背景。     

Numerical integration of the divisia price index and an application of the equation of measurement to prices

First the linear and the exponential paths are chosen as examples to show how the Divisia price and quantity index can be integrated numerically. Then the equation of measurement by Eichhorn and Gleissner is adapted to price measurement and used to formulate certain properties of indices. A special class of properties, the reversal tests describing certain symmetries, is considered especially, It turns out that the corresponding antitheses form a group of eight elements.     

Computation of Two- and Three-Dimensional Confidence Regions With the Likelihood Ratio

The asymptotic results pertaining to the distribution of the log-likelihood ratio allow for the creation of a confidence region, which is a general extension of the confidence interval. Two- and three-dimensional regions can be displayed visually to describe the plausible region of the parameters of interest simultaneously. While most advanced statistical textbooks on inference discuss these asymptotic confidence regions, there is no exploration of how to numerically compute these regions for graphical purposes. This article demonstrates the application of a simple trigonometric transformation to compute two- and three-dimensional confidence regions; we transform the Cartesian coordinates of the parameters to create what we call the radial profile log-likelihood. The method is applicable to any distribution with a defined likelihood function, so it is not limited to specific data distributions or model paradigms. We describe the method along with the algorithm, follow with an example of our method, and end with an examination of computation time. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.     

Humps and Bumps in Lifetime Consumption

In this article we argue that the life-cycle model that allows demographics to affect household preferences and relaxes the assumption of certainty equivalence can generate hump-shaped consumption profiles over age that are very similar to those observed in household-level data sources and, in particular, match the differences in shape across different education groups. Liquidity constraints or myopia are not required to explain the empirical features of observed life-cycle patterns.     

Comparing alternating logistic regressions to other approaches to modelling correlated binary data

Alternating logistic regressions (ALRs) seem to offer some of the advantages of marginal models estimated via generalized estimating equations (GEE) and generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs). Via simulation study we compared ALRs to marginal models estimated via GEE and subject-specific models estimated via GLMMs, with a focus on estimation of the correlation structure in three-level data sets (e.g. students in classes in schools). Data set size and structure, and amount of correlation in the data sets were varied. For simple correlation structures, ALRs performed well. For three-level correlation structures, all approaches, but especially ALRs, had difficulty assigning the correlation to the correct level, though sample sizes used were small. In addition, ALRs and GEEs had trouble attaching correct inference to the mean effects, though this improved as overall sample size improved. ALRs are a valuable addition to the data analyst's toolkit, though care should be taken when modelling data with three-level structures.     

Bayesian estimation with integrated nested Laplace approximation for binary logit mixed models

In multilevel models for binary responses, estimation is computationally challenging due to the need to evaluate intractable integrals. In this paper, we investigate the performance of integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA), a fast deterministic method for Bayesian inference. In particular, we conduct an extensive simulation study to compare the results obtained with INLA to the results obtained with a traditional stochastic method for Bayesian inference (MCMC Gibbs sampling), and with maximum likelihood through adaptive quadrature. Particular attention is devoted to the case of small number of clusters. The specification of the prior distribution for the cluster variance plays a crucial role and it turns out to be more relevant than the choice of the estimation method. The simulations show that INLA has an excellent performance as it achieves good accuracy (similar to MCMC) with reduced computational times (similar to adaptive quadrature).     

方形铝箔碎屑收集管数值优化设计

为了解决铝箔剪切机工作中存在的碎屑收集难题，课题组使用CFD方法计算了不同设计结构时的管路流场，在深入分析挡板布置及支管至出口距离设置对双支管吸力影响规律的基础上，重点探讨了不同压力 速度耦合分布现象出现的原因，并给出管路优化建议。数值模拟结果表明：2个支管前设置挡板时，第2个挡板会阻碍第1个支管后部气流运动，形成较大低速涡流区，无法形成负压及吸力；当2个支管使用连通挡板时，可以产生负压及吸力，但由于支管至出口距离不一致导致速度差异达62.24%；2个支管至出口距离相同时，在支管口形成均匀负压及吸力，可满足工业需求。此外，支管与主管倒圆角设置时对气流有良好的“导向”作用，支管速度可提高6%左右。     

Calculating the proportion of triangles in a poisson – voronoi tessellation of the plane

The proportion of triangles in a Poisson – Voronoi tessellation has been recently represented as a five-fold integral. Here we give a simpler representation, reduce it to a fourfold integral and discuss its numerical evaluation.