我国落实世卫组织《增进获得辅助技术决议》 的基础与路径

第71届世界卫生大会通过的《增进获得辅助技术决议》对推动全球辅助技术发展具有积极意义。本文简述了《决议》出台的过程和核心内容,从政策、服务网络、产品供给、服务队伍、国际交流等维度分析落实决议的可行性,并从开展宣传、信息采集、完善政策、资源整合、国际交流等方面就落实决议、提升我国辅助技术服务水平的路径进行了探讨。     

Gender composition and share of management: Tipping points in US workplaces, 1980–2005

This paper examines how concepts of gendered organizations, tokenism and the glass escalator affect women’s share of management. Specifically, we examine how the gender composition of workplaces affects women’s share of management in 195,534 workplaces using EEO-1 report data collected from the US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission from 1980 until 2005. The EEO-1 data allow us to explore the effects of gender composition on women’s share of management net of labor market change, industrial change, organizational determinants, and changes in workplace segregation using workplace-level data. We draw on past research to identify potential composition levels—tipping points—in which women have more or less share of management. Our findings suggest that across all compositions, ranging from women comprising less than 15% to over 85% of the workplace, larger percentages of the non-management women are associated with greater shares of women in management. Findings offer little support for the glass escalators hypothesis extended to workplaces, but once further contextualized, the findings do suggest that workplaces are gendered in such a way that tokenism works differently for men and women. Thus, our paper adds to the body of research on gender composition and further illustrates the need to determine under which conditions these social processes operate.     

Legal Mobilisation and Justice: Insights from the Constitutional Court Case on International Standard Schools in Indonesia

Analysis of the role of courts in shaping access to justice in Indonesia has emphasised the role of judges and the incentives created for them by courts' institutional design. Alternatively, it has focused on individual justice-seekers and their capacities to choose between alternative pathways through the legal repertoire. In this paper, we suggest that ‘support structures for legal mobilisation’ (SSLMs) have also played an important role in shaping access to justice by influencing both the potential for legal mobilisation and the type of justice sought. In making this argument, we focus on a recent Constitutional Court case on ‘international standard schools’. In this case, a group of parents were able to mobilise for legal action only because NGOs provided the required technical expertise and financial resources while the central involvement of an anti-corruption NGO in the SSLM shifted the focus from parents' concerns about discrimination to corruption.     

加强当代大学生的中国优秀传统文化教育

通过分析当代大学生认识和了解中国优秀传统文化的现状，指出当代大学生的责任和大学教育的使命决定了对大学生进行中国优秀传统文化教育的必要性。要深入发掘中国优秀传统文化的丰富内涵和价值，增强其文化内容的理论魅力，继而积极探索加强大学生中国优秀传统文化教育的多种有效途径。     

Exploring Accessibility in DOAJ: A Case Study

Abstract

This study explores the accessibility of HTML articles indexed in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). The researchers tested a random sample of journals that possessed the DOAJ seal of approval, added content in 2019, were published in English and had 50 or more indexed articles. From this sample, HTML full-text articles were randomly selected for accessibility testing, using the W3C Easy Checks. 131 journals on 22 platforms were reviewed. All content reviewed provided unique web page titles. The majority of articles reviewed allowed for increases in text size and had meaningful heading structure. The application of alternative text tags for images and form labels was inconsistent, as was the ability to use keyboard controls for page navigation. Further, most content did not clearly indicate cursor location. The most egregious accessibility issues came from design choices, which generated a variety of contrast errors. More in-depth studies of DOAJ and other OA indexes and content providers are recommended, as is requiring adherence to WCAG 2.0 accessibility criteria as a condition of article submission.     

从社会主义与资本主义的关系看邓小平对外开放思想

邓小平对外开放理论的形成,基于他对社会主义与资本主义的关系以及资本主义发展趋向的辩证理解。社会主义是对资本主义的“扬弃”,两者在经济发展上的共同要求,决定社会主义有必要向资本主义开放;两者本质上的对立以及社会发展规律表明,社会主义取代资本主义是社会发展的必然趋势。据此,中国不能走资本主义道路,中国的对外开放必须在坚持四项基本原则的基础上进行。     

Community e-gateways: locating networks and learning for social inclusion

The provision of community e-gateways (community-based facilities providing public access to computers and the Internet) has been seen as a way to address the 'digital divide', particularly for people from deprived neighbourhoods. In the UK, policy and practitioner literature has stressed that for these centres to be successful they need to have strong social connections and be able to provide opportunities for interactive learning and content creation. Through a detailed analysis of one community e-gateway, which formed part of a wider study of public access provision, this article analyses the strengths and weaknesses of this advice drawing on broader sociological literature relating to social networks, network mapping and communities of practice. It concludes that greater attention needs to be paid to the significance of weak ties, two-way boundary spanning and the resource requirements of social networks for the policy objectives to be fully achieved.     

The governance of open source initiatives: what does it mean to be community managed?

The concept of ‘open source’ software initially referred to software projects managed by grassroots communities in public forums. Since 1998, the concept has been adapted and diffused to new settings that extend beyond software. While the open source community has maintained control over which software licenses can be considered ‘open source’, little attention has been paid to the elements that constitute community management. More private parties now contribute to OSS communities and more hybrid governance models have emerged. Before we can understand how hybrid models differ from a community managed model, a more precise definition is needed. This essay takes a step in this direction by identifying five core principles critical to community-managed governance.

The need for family planning

The purpose of this paper is to examine the evidence on the need for family planning. The available evidence on current levels of unmet need for contraceptives, fertility preferences, and the non-contraceptive benefits of family planning is reviewed. I argue that expansion of family planning programs is still needed. These programs provide couples with tools to reach their desired family size; can significantly impact maternal and child mortality by decreasing fertility and optimizing child spacing; and by decreasing fertility, slow population growth. It is therefore imperative to continue to expand the provision of family planning services.     

基于Excel/Access的人事管理信息系统开发

Excel是最优秀的电子表格,它在中小企业信息管理开发方面有较大的优势与潜力.本设计采用Excel、Access和ADO技术对人事管理信息系统进行VBA编程,较好地解决了文本框、组合框和照片在Excel界面上的使用问题;用界面Excel显示人员信息,大量记录存放在Access数据库中,Excel通过ADO与Access进行数据交换.在查询人员遇到重名时,重名记录显示在主界面下.只要双击要选择的人员工号,界面上就可以显示出其信息.