Income Allocation in Marital and Cohabiting Unions: The Case of Mainland Puerto Ricans

The rise of cohabitation and the growing share of births to cohabiting couples have led to speculation that the boundary between marriage and cohabitation is blurring. We examine this issue with an analysis of the financial arrangements of fathers of mainland Puerto Rican children. The analysis shows that married fathers are more likely than cohabiting fathers to pool their income, but this difference does not result from socioeconomic and demographic factors that foster uncertainty. The analysis also demonstrates that income allocation methods are generally stable over time after differences in union dissolution by allocation method are considered. The discussion emphasizes the need for research on the ways that financial ties reflect and reinforce the bonds between partners.     

Dose-response assessment for influenza A virus based on data sets of infection with its live attenuated reassortants

Reported data sets on infection of volunteers challenged with wild-type influenza A virus at graded doses are few. Alternatively, we aimed at developing a dose-response assessment for this virus based on the data sets for its live attenuated reassortants. Eleven data sets for live attenuated reassortants that were fit to beta-Poisson and exponential dose-response models. Dose-response relationships for those reassortants were characterized by pooling analysis of the data sets with respect to virus subtype (H1N1 or H3N2), attenuation method (cold-adapted or avian-human gene reassortment), and human age (adults or children). Furthermore, by comparing the above data sets to a limited number of reported data sets for wild-type virus, we quantified the degree of attenuation of wild-type virus with gene reassortment and estimated its infectivity. As a result, dose-response relationships of all reassortants were best described by a beta-Poisson model. Virus subtype and human age were significant factors determining the dose-response relationship, whereas attenuation method affected only the relationship of H1N1 virus infection to adults. The data sets for H3N2 wild-type virus could be pooled with those for its reassortants on the assumption that the gene reassortment attenuates wild-type virus by at least 63 times and most likely 1,070 times. Considering this most likely degree of attenuation, 10% infectious dose of H3N2 wild-type virus for adults was estimated at 18 TCID50 (95% CI = 8.8-35 TCID50). The infectivity of wild-type H1N1 virus remains unknown as the data set pooling was unsuccessful.     

互联网之火：网络舆情和时代焦虑——从南京的突发事件谈起

社会转型时期各种矛盾凸显激化,以“门”为表征的突发事件集中爆发。这其中,互联网既是真相披露者,也是情绪煽动者;既有为建构所必须的解构,也有勇猛不能掩饰的粗暴。十几年来,互联网不断颁布新的“尺度”,强迫传统媒体调整竞合,从而逐渐形成新的传播语境,宣告新的价值体系。在新语境下,精英与草根的位格关系和互动结构,都发生了颠覆式的变化。他们之间的话语冲突源自于精英对网络的隔膜和草根的群体盲目,这种双重误区,使得“社会焦虑指数”交替升级,政府与群众、草根与精英、中心与边缘之间不断发生进退博弈,比照自适。网络话语的冲突也正是时代焦虑的媒体映像,网络舆情既是民意的自然体现,也可为官方决策提供参考。     

舆情传输的基层载体：社区民间组织

做好舆情信息工作,需要不断拓宽舆情报送渠道,丰富舆情传输载体。社区民间组织是为满足社区居民的不同需求而举办的,它们在日常工作中能够深入社会基层,了解不同居民的社会舆情信息,反映不同群体的观点意见。在为居民提供服务的过程中,社区民间组织的舆情汇集和传输功能逐渐显现,成为舆情传输的基层载体,是政府了解社情民意的重要渠道。     

空间定位抽样技术:民意调查中的新方法

在我国进行的民意调查中,研究者们无论采取哪种具体抽样方法,均需要以居委会提供的户口登记信息为抽样基础。随着我国流动人口数量的不断增大,依靠户籍信息抽样容易导致抽样覆盖范围存在偏差。在此背景下,空间定位抽样技术应运而生,该方法作为一种崭新的调查技术,使被调查对象的人口特征更具有代表性,对较为敏感的民意研究具有开创性地意义。本文阐述了传统抽样技术的弊端,介绍了空间定位抽样技术的兴起过程,并对该技术的具体实施步骤及难点进行了解析,最后提出了该法的两大适用条件。     

Homeless Affiliation,Location, and Sender Address in Return of Lost Letters

A field study used 1008 “lost letters” to test the hypotheses that the differences in returned responses would be attributable to the addressee (i.e., ending homelessnesscontrol or preventing it among youth, veterans, and lesbians) and especially to a socially deviant addressee, that cultural differences between distribution locations might influence returned responses of lost letters, and that sender address (i.e., urban, rural, control) would also influence returned responses. Both addressees’ affiliations and distribution location were associated with returned responses, with the lowest rates being for the Prevent Lesbian Homelessness Program affiliate overall and for the city of Pensacola, respectively. Antigay prejudice toward a deviant group may still be strong even when a helping act can be performed without intimate contact involving members of a deviant group. Neither distribution location nor the sender or return address conditions were associated with different returned responses. Further testing of the lost letter technique, as a measure of public response, may be warranted.     

社区居委会汇集传达社情民意的问题及对策探讨

社区居委会是城市的最基层组织，它应该是汇集社情民意的有效途径。然而在实际中社区居委会在汇集社情民意过程中还存在着障碍。本文将对形成障碍的因素进行分析，并提出克服障碍的对策建议。     

关于中国煤矿历史研究的回顾与思考

近百年来,中国煤炭史的研究工作已经取得了有目共睹、十分可喜的成绩。进一步深入研究中国煤矿历史,要建立整体观念,揭示总体发展的规律和趋势。要采用多元化的研究方法,既从时间的维度阐述中国煤矿的产生和发展,又从空间的维度论述其在中国社会转型中的作用、地位和影响。要加强煤炭历史资料的整理和开发利用工作,不断拓宽煤炭史志的研究领域,把中国煤矿史的研究工作推向新的阶段。     

基于博弈分析的军事威慑理论研究

军事威慑本质上是一种非对称信息动态博弈,博弈论为军事威慑问题研究提供了独特的视野和方法。文章从信号博弈角度,深入分析了军事威慑中的信号机制和策略互动,为阐明军事威慑本质和提高军事威慑可信性与有效性提供了新的理解框架。