文化生态学视角的文化景观研究

通过分析文化景观研究所面临的复杂性问题及总结我国文化景观研究保护的现状，从文化生态学的突起对文化景观研究方法的再定义，到通过分析文化生态学的立场与方法模式，尝试寻找出深化文化景观研究的方向，并进行论证，即文化景观的时空性、环境响应模式、生态演替与拓展适应以及文化景观的“力场”分析，为未来文化景观及其发展与保护的深入研究抛砖引玉。     

《元丰九域志》户口、铸钱监和盐产地年代考

《元丰九域志》政区基本上为元丰八年之制,说明其于元丰三年成书后,又经修定。但其户口、铸钱监的年代均为元丰二年,盐产地的年代则为元丰元年或二年,和政区的年代不同,应是初成书时的原貌。     

政治的掌握与时间的剥夺——论王安忆的小说创作

在王安忆笔下,无论乡村还是都市,人们都在政治的巨手的掌控下经历人世的沉浮,即便他们可以凭借对政治的隔膜和对世俗化的日常生活的关注来达成对政治的疏离和消解,但也不能挽回在一场接一场的政治运动背后时间的永久流逝对个体生命的剥夺。     

英语口语中的错误分析及纠错

学习者在学习目标语过程中出现错误是一种必然现象。在实践中,英语口语的流利性和准确性很难同时均衡地提高,不当的纠错势必会在这两个方面顾此失彼。通过对学生进行问卷调查和访谈,探讨了学生对有关英语口语纠错态度、纠错种类、纠错时机、纠错主体和纠错方法问题反馈,结果表明,教师应改变传统观念,区别对待不同种类的错误,选择适当的时机,考虑学生群体、个体差异,地区差异,教学目的等因素,采取灵活多变的方式和策略进行纠错。     

华宴:十一世纪的性别与文体

中国雅正文化形成于9—11世纪。此时,一个另类的话语空间开始出现,并把传统诗歌形式排斥在外,通过这种排斥,使传统诗歌成为雅正的。这个另类话语空间即本文所谓华宴。北宋初年晏殊的家宴是一个典范。这类诗酒集会有严格的规矩,通常是歌伎的演唱暗示和挑动欲望,但她们的表演总是突然中止,女性被罢遣,接下来的重心转向属于男性社会的创作:雅正的诗传统。他们的词里关于丧失与渴望的意象,实际上正好体现了社会对词曲表演本身的限制,因而成为合法的。另一方面,词体中文言和白话语言层次的参差对照及突出转换,也暗示了欲望的中止和诗意的产生。如此,雅正文学在其自身的形成中获得了一个影子,它在词中存在,容纳了在雅正的诗文中不能表现的东西,并使其他一切都变得缺乏意义。     

Weighted Likelihood for Semiparametric Models and Two-phase Stratified Samples, with Application to Cox Regression

Abstract.  We consider semiparametric models for which solution of Horvitz–Thompson or inverse probability weighted (IPW) likelihood equations with two-phase stratified samples leads to consistent and asymptotically Gaussian estimators of both Euclidean and non-parametric parameters. For Bernoulli (independent and identically distributed) sampling, standard theory shows that the Euclidean parameter estimator is asymptotically linear in the IPW influence function. By proving weak convergence of the IPW empirical process, and borrowing results on weighted bootstrap empirical processes, we derive a parallel asymptotic expansion for finite population stratified sampling. Several of our key results have been derived already for Cox regression with stratified case–cohort and more general survey designs. This paper is intended to help interpret this previous work and to pave the way towards a general Horvitz–Thompson approach to semiparametric inference with data from complex probability samples.     

ACCELERATED FAILURE TIME MODELS WITH NONLINEAR COVARIATES EFFECTS

As a flexible alternative to the Cox model, the accelerated failure time (AFT) model assumes that the event time of interest depends on the covariates through a regression function. The AFT model with non‐parametric covariate effects is investigated, when variable selection is desired along with estimation. Formulated in the framework of the smoothing spline analysis of variance model, the proposed method based on the Stute estimate ( Stute, 1993 [Consistent estimation under random censorship when covariables are present, J. Multivariate Anal. 45 , 89–103]) can achieve a sparse representation of the functional decomposition, by utilizing a reproducing kernel Hilbert norm penalty. Computational algorithms and theoretical properties of the proposed method are investigated. The finite sample size performance of the proposed approach is assessed via simulation studies. The primary biliary cirrhosis data is analyzed for demonstration.     

“民族家”的时间观

文章主要阐述四川省凉山彝族自治州盐源县羊圈村诺苏彝人的时间观。它的核心是协调当地彝人与祖先、神、鬼的关系,由一套时空占算体系构成,渗透到当地人的日常生活、周期性年度仪式和历时性家支关系等各个方面。村落时间体系与国家时间体系互动的具体场域是手表、历书和村落小学。     

On a mixture vector autoregressive model

The authors show how to extend univariate mixture autoregressive models to a multivariate time series context. Similar to the univariate case, the multivariate model consists of a mixture of stationary or nonstationary autoregressive components. The authors give the first and second order stationarity conditions for a multivariate case up to order 2. They also derive the second order stationarity condition for the univariate mixture model up to arbitrary order. They describe an EM algorithm for estimation, as well as a diagnostic checking procedure. They study the performance of their method via simulations and include a real application.     

Designs for two-colour microarray experiments

Summary.  Designs for two-colour microarray experiments can be viewed as block designs with two treatments per block. Explicit formulae for the A- and D-criteria are given for the case that the number of blocks is equal to the number of treatments. These show that the A- and D-optimality criteria conflict badly if there are 10 or more treatments. A similar analysis shows that designs with one or two extra blocks perform very much better, but again there is a conflict between the two optimality criteria for moderately large numbers of treatments. It is shown that this problem can be avoided by slightly increasing the number of blocks. The two colours that are used in each block effectively turn the block design into a row–column design. There is no need to use a design in which every treatment has each colour equally often: rather, an efficient row–column design should be used. For odd replication, it is recommended that the row–column design should be based on a bipartite graph, and it is proved that the optimal such design corresponds to an optimal block design for half the number of treatments. Efficient row–column designs are given for replications 3–6. It is shown how to adapt them for experiments in which some treatments have replication only 2.