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21.
《Omega》2015
Integrating retail decisions on such aspects as assortment, pricing, and inventory greatly improves profitability. We examine a multi-period selling horizon where a retailer jointly optimizes assortment planning, pricing, and inventory decisions for a product line of substitutable products, in a market with multiple customer segments. Focusing on fast-moving retail products, the problem is modeled as a mixed-integer nonlinear program where demand is driven by exogenous consumer reservation prices and endogenous assortment and pricing decisions. A mixed-integer linear reformulation is developed, which enables an exact solution to large problem instances (with up to a hundred products) in manageable times. Empirical evidence is provided in support of a classical deterministic maximum-surplus consumer choice model. Computational results and managerial insights are discussed. We find that the optimal assortment and pricing decisions do not exhibit a simple, intuitive structure that could be analytically characterized, which reflects the usefulness of optimization approaches to numerically identify attractive trade-offs for the decision-maker. We also observe that suboptimal inventory policies significantly decrease profitability, which highlights the importance of integrated decision-making. Finally, we find that the seasonality of consumer preferences and supply costs present an opportunity for boosting the profit via higher inventory levels and wider assortments. 相似文献
22.
《决策科学》2017,48(4):657-690
Subcontracting has become a prominent business practice across many industries. Subcontracting of industrial production is generally based on short‐term need for additional processing capacity, and is frequently employed by manufacturers to process customer orders more quickly than using only in‐house production. In this article, we study a popular business model where multiple manufacturers, each capable of processing his entire workload in‐house, have the option to subcontract some of their operations to a single third party with a flexible resource. Each manufacturer can deliver customer orders only after his entire batch of jobs, processed in‐house and at the third party, is completed. The third party facility is available to several manufacturers who compete for its use. Current business practice of First‐Come‐First‐Served (FCFS) processing of the subcontracted workloads as well as the competitive Nash equilibrium schedules developed in earlier studies result in two types of inefficiencies; the third party capacity is not maximally utilized, and the manufacturers incur decentralization cost. In this article, we develop models to assess the value created by coordinating the manufacturers' subcontracting decisions by comparing two types of centralized control against FCFS and Nash equilibrium schedules. We present optimal and/or approximate algorithms to quantify the third party underutilization and the manufacturers' decentralization cost. We find that both inefficiencies are more severe with competition than they are when the third party allocates capacity in an FCFS manner. However, in a decentralized setting, a larger percentage of the players prefer Nash equilibrium schedules to FCFS schedules. We extend our analysis to incomplete information scenarios where manufacturers reveal limited demand information, and find that more information dramatically benefits the third party and the manufacturers, however, the marginal benefit of additional information is decreasing. Finally, we discuss an extension wherein each manufacturer's objective takes into account asymmetries in subcontracting, in‐house processing, and delay costs. 相似文献
23.
《Omega》2017
Renewable energy, such as wave energy, plays a significant role in sustainable energy development. Wave energy represents a large untapped source of energy worldwide and potentially offers a vast source of sustainable energy. We present models and a heuristic algorithm for choosing optimal locations of wave energy conversion (WEC) devices within an array, or wave farm. The location problem can have a significant impact on the total power of the farm due to the interactions among the incident ocean waves and the scattered and radiated waves produced by the WECs. Depending on the nature of the interference (constructive or destructive) among these waves, the wave energy entering multiple devices, and thus the power output of the farm, may be significantly larger or smaller than the energy that would be seen if the devices were operating in isolation. Our algorithm chooses WEC locations to maximize the performance of a wave farm as measured by a well known performance measure called the q-factor, which is the ratio of the power from an array of N WECs to the power from N WECs operating independently, under the point absorber approximation. We prove an analytical optimal solution for the 2-WEC problem and, based on the properties of the 2-WEC solution, we propose an iterative heuristic optimization algorithm for the general problem. 相似文献
25.
In this study, our aim was to investigate the changes of different data structures and different sample sizes on the structural equation modeling and the influence of these factors on the model fit measures. Examining the created structural equation modeling under different data structures and sample sizes, the evaluation of model fit measures were performed with a simulation study. As a result of the simulation study, optimization and negative variance estimation problems have been encountered depending on the sample size and changing correlations. It was observed that these problems disappeared either by increasing the sample size or the correlations between the variables in factor. For upcoming studies, the choice of RMSEA and IFI model fit measures can be suggested in all sample sizes and the correlation values for data sets are ensured the multivariate normal distribution assumption. 相似文献
26.
In this article, we study the algorithm of Kiefer–Wolfowitz underquasi-associated random errors. We establish the complete convergence and obtain an exponential bound. Additionally, we build a confidence interval for the minimum. Numerical examples are sketched out to confirm the theoretical results and show the accuracy of the algorithm. 相似文献
27.
我国外汇储备:效用最优化及其运用策略 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
截至2006年9月,我国外汇储备余额为9879亿美元,距万亿美元仅一步之遥,且仍以每月数百亿的速度增长。如何看待和管理高额外汇储备?学术界争锋甚烈,但细察争议,大多“打转”在诸如储汇规模、引汇来源(引资与创汇)和持汇结构等单一层面,既未切换到外汇储备的运用策略(包括间接用汇与直接用汇)层面,更未上升到储汇效用最优化这一全新视角去分析。笔者认为,在我国成为全球最大外汇储备国的背景下,亟需就储汇效用最大化问题展开深入研究;虽然目前对此问题的研究尚属初期,但其指向却相当分明:所谓储汇效用最优化,是指融储汇规模、引汇来源、持汇结构、用汇去向于一体的反复优化的选择行为或动态协调的平衡过程。 相似文献
28.
周文忠 《浙江师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2001,26(2):112-114
本文将中小学教师继续教育工作视作一个系统工程,针对目前系统工程运行的现状,提出了对该工程从目标、内容、结构、多极、逆向等几个方面进行全方位优化的设想. 相似文献
29.
30.
本文从费用最省的角度出发,建立了计算等温输油管线最优技术参数的数学模型,并给出了数学模型的求解方法。 相似文献