多义复合词的词义与语素义关系计量分析

通过计量的方式从微观层面来研究多义词,即多义复合词的词义与其构成成分——语素义之间的关系,结果表明:语素的多义性使复合词也具有多义性。或者说复合词的多义性来源于构词语素的多义性。由语素的多义性产生的多义复合词,其词义基本上可以由语素的字面意义获得。     

哈耶克论“社会正义”

哈耶克的正义论是其自由主义的重要组成部分,在当代西方具有重要的影响。哈耶克通过他所理解的“社会正义”入手,在批判“社会正义”中,提出了他的正义观,充分显示了自由主义政治哲学的理论本质。虽然他的正义观并非尽善尽美,但他对“社会正义”的批判具有深邃的洞察力和深远的影响力。     

Computation of the percentage points and the power for the two-sided Kolmogorov-Smirnov one sample test

Two recursive schemes are presented for the calculation of the probabilityP(g(x)≤S _n (x)≤h(x) for allx∈®), whereS _n is the empirical distribution function of a sample from a continuous distribution andh, g are continuous and isotone functions. The results are specialized for the calculation of the distribution and the corresponding percentage points of the test statistic of the two-sided Kolmogorov-Smirnov one sample test. The schemes allow the calculation of the power of the test too. Finally an extensive tabulation of percentage points for the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is given.     

Properties of Bayes Factors Based on Test Statistics

Abstract.  This article examines the consistency, interpretation and application of Bayes factors constructed from standard test statistics. Primary conclusions are that Bayes factors based on multinomial and normal test statistics are consistent for suitable choices of the hyperparameters used to specify alternative hypotheses, and that such constructions can be extended to obtain consistent Bayes factors based on likelihood ratio statistics. A connection between Bayes factors based on likelihood ratio statistics and the Bayesian information criterion is exposed, as is a connection between Bayes factors based on F statistics and parametric Bayes factors based on normal-inverse gamma models. Similarly, Bayes factors based on chi-squared statistics for multinomial data are shown to provide accurate approximations to Bayes factors based on multinomial/Dirichlet models. An illustration of how the simple form of these Bayes factors can be exploited to generate easily interpretable summaries of the experimental 'weight of evidence' is provided.     

Exact inference for a simple step-stress model with competing risks for failure from exponential distribution under Type-II censoring

In reliability analysis, accelerated life-testing allows for gradual increment of stress levels on test units during an experiment. In a special class of accelerated life tests known as step-stress tests, the stress levels increase discretely at pre-fixed time points, and this allows the experimenter to obtain information on the parameters of the lifetime distributions more quickly than under normal operating conditions. Moreover, when a test unit fails, there are often more than one fatal cause for the failure, such as mechanical or electrical. In this article, we consider the simple step-stress model under Type-II censoring when the lifetime distributions of the different risk factors are independently exponentially distributed. Under this setup, we derive the maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) of the unknown mean parameters of the different causes under the assumption of a cumulative exposure model. The exact distributions of the MLEs of the parameters are then derived through the use of conditional moment generating functions. Using these exact distributions as well as the asymptotic distributions and the parametric bootstrap method, we discuss the construction of confidence intervals for the parameters and assess their performance through Monte Carlo simulations. Finally, we illustrate the methods of inference discussed here with an example.     

A randomized Baumgartner statistic for multivariate two-sample testing hypothesis

In this paper, multivariate two-sample testing problems were examined based on the Jure?ková–Kalina's ranks of distances. The multivariate two-sample rank test based on the modified Baumgartner statistic for the two-sided alternative was proposed. The proposed statistic was a randomized statistic. Simulations were used to investigate the power of the suggested statistic for various population distributions.     

The disagreeable behaviour of the kappa statistic

It is often of interest to measure the agreement between a number of raters when an outcome is nominal or ordinal. The kappa statistic is used as a measure of agreement. The statistic is highly sensitive to the distribution of the marginal totals and can produce unreliable results. Other statistics such as the proportion of concordance, maximum attainable kappa and prevalence and bias adjusted kappa should be considered to indicate how well the kappa statistic represents agreement in the data. Each kappa should be considered and interpreted based on the context of the data being analysed. Copyright © 2014 JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mean Time to Failure of Weighted k-out-of-n: G Systems

The purpose of this article is to develop a Monte-Carlo simulation algorithm for computing mean time to failure (MTTF) of weighted-k-out-of-n:G and linear consecutive-weighted-k-out-of-n:G systems. Our algorithm is based on the use of appropriately defined stochastic process which represents the total weight of the system at time t. These stochastic processes are explicitly defined and used along with the ordered component lifetimes to simulate MTTF of the systems with weighted components.     

对国际私法上公共秩序问题的探讨--兼评《中华人民共和国民法(草案)》第九编中的公共秩序问题

公共秩序作为国际私法中的一项重要法律制度,在对外国法的适用和对外国法院判决与仲裁裁决的承认与执行等问题上一直发挥着极为重要的作用.然而,我国的有关理论对公共秩序的涵义、公共秩序的适用标准、适用公共秩序排除外国法后的法律适用、区际私法上的公共秩序和国际公共秩序等问题的分析尚不够全面、深入,为此拟对上述问题进行深入探讨和分析,并对<中华人民共和国民法(草案)>第九编第11条提出修改意见.     

浙江民营企业融资租赁调查

融资问题已成为民营企业发展的一个瓶颈。在国外,融资租赁是仅次于银行贷款的常用融资方式,对解决企业融资问题发挥了重要作用;但目前我国民营企业运用融资租赁方式进行筹资遇到了一定障碍。在此背景之下,本文基于问卷对浙江民营企业融资租赁现状进行调查,通过对资料和数据的整理,分析了民营企业运用融资租赁方式进行筹资的障碍及其原因;并据此提出了一些可行的对策与建议。