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21.
Herder’s philosophical model of the learning organisationThe author describes Johann Gottfried Herder’s education philosophy and his plans for an ?alternative“ school. His ?alternative school concept“ shows how the teacher as supervisor of the learning process should take the individual needs into account and adapt the didactics and methods of teaching to these needs. This practice conforms to the rules of today’s reformed schools. Learning as an extension of subjective experiences and life possibilities requires an open organisational structure, and this is what Herder designed. 相似文献
22.
Measuring supplier performance possesses the properties of multi-dimension and multi-scale, it increases the complexity of the aggregation and assessment process. A focal company must develop an effective procedure for overcoming the complexity of performance measurement. Furthermore, the assessment of supplier performance must conform to the product-developed strategy of the focal company. This study is a further research deeper into the concept already introduced in Chang et al. [1] [Applying fuzzy linguistic quantifier to select supply chain partners at different phases of product life cycle. International Journal of Production Economics 2006; 100(2):348–59]; using multi-granularity linguistic variable and numerical ration scale to represent the overall supply performance. By unifying the derived information, the measurement complexity could be resolved. The fuzzy preference was constructed to adjust the consistent direction and transform information into fuzzy relationship. Finally, fuzzy linguistic quantifier guided ordered weighted aggregation (FLQG-OWA) operator with maximal entropy was computed and aggregated with all indicators to meet the current policy of the focal company. 相似文献
23.
家族企业在全世界经济中占有重要地位。从各个不同角度研究家族企业可持续发展的理论问题,介绍家族企业可持续发展路径选择的SHEMP理论,并且探讨了此种路径选择与环境的关系:从宏观的角度进行家族企业可持续发展的PEST分析,进而提出在现有融资环境、诚信环境和职业经理人市场条件下,我国家族企业的选择路径。 相似文献
24.
《Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation》2012,82(12):987-1001
In this article, we develop inference tools for an effect size parameter in a paired experiment. A class of estimators is defined that includes natural, shrinkage and shrinkage preliminary test estimators. The shrinkage and preliminary test methods incorporate uncertain prior information on the parameter. This information may be available in the form of a realistic guess on the basis of the experimenter’s knowledge and experience, which can be incorporated into the estimation process to increase the efficiency of the estimator. Asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators are investigated both analytically and computationally. A simulation study is also conducted to assess the performance of the estimators for moderate and large samples. For illustration purposes, the method is applied to a data set. 相似文献
25.
《Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation》2012,82(1-4):287-310
For the two-sample location and scale problem we propose an adaptive test which is based on so called Lepage type tests. The well known test of Lepage (1971) is a combination of the Wilcoxon test for location alternatives and the Ansari-Bradley test for scale alternatives and it behaves well for symmetric and medium-tailed distributions. For the cae of short-, medium- and long-tailed distributions we replace the Wilcoxon test and the .Ansari-Bradley test by suitable other two-sample tests for location and scale, respectively, in oder to get higher power than the classical Lepage test for such distribotions. These tests here are called Lepage type tests. in practice, however, we generally have no clear idea about the distribution having generated our data. Thus, an adaptive test should be applied which takes the the given data set inio consideration. The proposed adaptive test is based on the concept of Hogg (1974), i.e., first, to classify the unknown symmetric distribution function with respect to a measure for tailweight and second, to apply an appropriate Lepage type test for this classified type of distribution. We compare the adaptive test with the three Lepage type tests in the adaptive scheme and with the classical Lepage test as well as with other parametric and nonparametric tests. The power comparison is carried out via Monte Carlo simulation. It is shown that the adaptive test is the best one for the broad class of distributions considered. 相似文献
26.
In this paper, we propose a new nonparametric simultaneous test for dual alternatives. Simultaneous tests for dual alternatives are used for pattern detection of arsenic contamination level in ground water. We consider two possible patterns, namely, monotone shift and an umbrella-type location alternative, as the dual alternatives. Pattern recognition problems of this nature are addressed in Bandyopadhyay et al. [5], stretching the idea of multiple hypotheses tests as in Benjamini and Hochberg [6]. In the present context, we develop an alternative approach based on contrasts that helps us to detect three underlying pattern much more efficiently. We illustrate the new methodology through a motivating example related to highly sensitive issue of arsenic contamination in ground water. We provide some Monte-Carlo studies related to the proposed technique and give a comparative study between different detection procedures. We also obtain some related asymptotic results. 相似文献
27.
Many hypothesis problems in practice require the selection of the left side or the right side alternative when the null is rejected. For parametric models, this problem can be stated as H0:θ=θ0vs. H−:θ<θ0 or H+:θ>θ0. Frequentists use Type-III error (directional error) to develop statistical methodologies. This approach and other approaches considered in the literature do not take into account the situations where the selection of one side may be more important or when one side may be more probable than the other. This problem can be tackled by specifying a loss function and/or by specifying a hierarchical prior structure with allowing the skewness in the alternatives. Based on this, we develop a Bayesian decision theoretic methodology and show that the resulted Bayes rule perform better in the side of the alternatives which is more probable. The methodology can be also used in a frequentist's framework when it is desired to discover an alternative that is more important. We also consider the multiple hypotheses problem and develop new false discovery rates for the selection of the left and the right sides of alternatives. These discovery rates would be useful in the situations when one side of the alternatives are more important or more probable than the other. 相似文献
28.
Fully nonparametric tests for the independence between random vectors are studied in this paper. The test statistics are functionals of an empirical process defined as the difference between the joint empirical copula and the product of the empirical copulas associated to the vectors that are suspected to be independent. The validity of a weighted bootstrap procedure is established, which allows for a quick computation of p-values. A special attention is given to the asymptotic behavior of the tests under contiguous sequences of distributions. Finally, a characteristic of the copulas in the Archimedean class in terms of independence of vectors is exploited in order to propose a new goodness-of-fit procedure. 相似文献
29.
Jean‐Renaud Pycke 《Revue canadienne de statistique》2010,38(1):80-96
The author introduces new statistics suited for testing uniformity of circular distributions and powerful against multimodal alternatives. One of them has a simple expression in terms of the geometric mean of the sample of chord lengths. The others belong to a family indexed by a continuous parameter. The asymptotic distributions under the null hypothesis are derived. We compare the power of the new tests against Stephens's alternatives with those of Ajne, Watson, and Hermans‐Rasson's tests. Some of the new tests are the most powerful when the alternative has three or four modes. A heuristic justification of this feature is given. An application to the analysis of archaeological data is provided. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 38:80–96; 2010 © 2010 Statistical Society of Canada 相似文献
30.
In testing for bivariate symmetry against arbitrary alternatives the well‐known test developed by Bowker in 1948 is shown to be a score test, and to have useful components. These components are asymptotically independent and asymptotically have the standard normal distribution. Moreover they assess particular pairs of cells for symmetry. These components can also be used in a data analytic manner to complement a test for bivariate symmetry against ordered alternatives. 相似文献