The Multivariate Randomized Complete Block Design: A Novel Permutation Solution in Case of Ordered Categorical Variables

In this article, multivariate extensions of the combination-based test statistics for the comparison of several treatments in the multivariate Randomized Complete Block designs are introduced in case of categorical response variables. Several tests for the multivariate Randomized Complete Block designs, including MANOVA procedure, are compared with the method proposed via a Monte Carlo simulation study. The method has also been applied to a real case study in the field of sensorial testing studies. Results suggest that in each experimental situation where normality of the supposed underlying continuous model is hard to justify and especially when errors have heavy-tailed distributions, the proposed nonparametric procedure can be considered as a valid solution.     

中国省级文化建设及其外部环境影响因素的实证研究

为研究中国省级层面文化建设受外部环境因素的影响程度,将省级文化建设分为文化产业要素和文化事业要素,利用2015～2018年国家宏观层面31个省(自治区、直辖市)的面板数据,建立了文化建设影响因素的Ordered Logistics模型,研究文化政策环境、社会文化环境、人力资源环境、社会经济环境、群众文化环境等5类环境因素对综合文化建设、文化产业要素和文化事业要素的影响。研究认为,5类环境因素对于综合文化建设均有显著的影响,其中群众文化环境对文化事业影响更显著,经济环境对文化产业影响更显著。因此,省级政府在进行文化强省建设时,应注重区域差异因地制宜,加大文化与人力资本投入,创造良好的文化政策环境,引导文化消费与营造良好的群众文化氛围。     

农民养老模式选择意愿及其影响因素——基于甘肃146份问卷数据

基于146份问卷调查数据,建立有序Probit模型对甘肃省农民养老模式选择意愿进行实证研究。结果表明:甘肃省农民倾向于选择以社会养老为主体的多支柱养老模式;年龄、健康状况、子女是否参与新农保、家庭人均年收入、社区养老政策宣传、养老需要提高生活质量等变量对其养老模式选择意愿正向影响显著;家庭子女人数及养老需要保障基本生活等变量则负向影响显著。     

自由与责任:一种政治哲学的分析

自由和责任是一对孪生概念。但分别从自由出发和从责任出发来处理责任-自由的关系, 我们看到的是两种根本不同的观点。这两种观点体现了两种不同的主体性,即权利在先意识和责任在先意识。分析这两种主体性在社会生活和政治生活中的运行,可以帮助我们从根本上理解当代中西方政治生活的差异性。在权利意义上的自由指的是人在选择中至少面临一种“想要选项”;而责任概念的关键点是个体面向未来、他人和它者。权利在先意识引导着自由主体性,在政治生活上主张把某种普遍的“想要选项”作为人的基本权利,这种政治称为权利政治。责任在先意识所引导的责任主体性,则把政治生活奠基于主体对未来、他人和任务的深入理解,要求每一个人不断培养自己的责任感,并对政治家的责任感提出更高要求,这便是问责政治。这两种由不同主体性所承担的政治体制各有利弊,简单地互相否定不会给我们人类带来任何好处。     

A model of uniform association plus two-diagonalsparameter and its application to occupational mobility table data

For the analysis of square contingency tables with ordered categories, Agresti (1988) introduced a model having the structure of uniform association plus a main-diagonal parameter. This paper extends that model. The extended model has the structure of uniform association plus two-diagonals-parameter, and it is a special case of the quasi-uniform association model introduced by Goodman (1979). The Danish occupational mobility table data are analyzed using the models introduced here.     

Comparing Sub-Survival Functions in a Competing Risks Model

In the competing risks literature, one usually compares whether two risks are equal or whether one is more serious. In this paper, we propose tests for the equality of two competing risks against an ordered alternative specified by their sub-survival functions. These tests are naturally developed as extensions of those based on hazard rates and cumulative incidence functions. We note that the interpretation of the new test results is more direct compared to the situation when the hypotheses are framed in terms of their cumulative incidence functions. The proposed tests are of the Kolmogrov–Smirnov type, based on maximum differences between sub-survival functions. Our simulation studies indicate that they are excellent competitors of the existing tests, that are based mainly on differences between cumulative incidence functions. A numerical example will demonstrate the advantages of the proposed tests.     

Risk preference and employment contract type

Summary.  We explore the possibility that a systematic relationship exists between employment within a particular type of contract and risk preference. We exploit a set of proxies for risk preference, whereby some of the proxies capture risk loving behaviour (expenditure on gambling, smoking and alcohol) whereas others capture risk averse behaviour (expenditure on life and contents insurance, and unearned income). The empirical analysis, based on pooled cross-section data from the UK Family Expenditure Survey, 1997–2000, provides evidence of a systematic relationship between employment contract type and risk preference, with, for example, self-employed workers being more or less likely to engage in the consumption of 'risky' or financial security products respectively. The results are based on the ordered generalized extreme value model, a relatively infrequently used discrete choice model, which allows for ordering and correlation in the alternatives observed.     

Locally Most Powerful Rank Tests for Comparison of Two Failure Rates Based on Multiple Type-II Censored Data

This article deals with the locally most powerful rank tests for testing the hypothesis that two failure rates are equal against the alternative that one failure rate is greater than the other, when the combined ordered sample is multiple Type-II censored. A modified version of the Dupa? and Hájek (1969 Dupa? , V. , Hájek , J. (1969). Asymptotic normality of simple linear rank statistics under alternatives II. Ann. Math. Statist. 40:1992–2017.[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]) theorem is used to establish their asymptotic normality under fixed alternative since the scores generating functions associated with these rank test statistics have a finite number of jump discontinuities. The modified version that leads to a simpler centering constant, is proved by Dupa? (1970 Dupa? , V. ( 1970 ). A contribution to the asymptotic normality of simple linear rank statistics. In: Puri, M. L., ed. Nonparametric Techniques in Statistical Inference. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press . [Google Scholar]) using the results of Hájek (1968 Hájek , J. ( 1968 ). Asymptotic normality of simple linear rank statistics under alternatives . Ann. Math. Statist. 39 : 325 – 346 .[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]). The Pitman AREs of these rank tests based on censored data relative to the corresponding tests based on complete data are obtained under some Lehmann-type alternative distributions such that their failure rates dominate the failure rates of the respective null distributions. The AREs are computed numerically for single (left or right) and double censored data, and the extent of loss due to these censoring schemes is discussed. The rank tests considered here include among them the Mann-Whiney-Wilcoxon (MWW) test, the Savage test, and the linear combination of these two tests. In the case of all the tests, except the MWW test, it is found that the loss of efficiency due to left censoring is considerably less than that due to right censoring. In the case of finite samples, Monte Carlo simulation results showing the empirical levels and empirical powers against some Lehmann alternatives are presented.     

Testing for Persistence in the Error Component Model: A One-Sided Approach

This article proposes new simple testing procedures for the joint null hypothesis of absence of persistent effects, in the form of random effects and first-order serial correlation in the error component model. The fact that the presence of random effects is clearly of a one-sided nature, together with the fact that in many empirical applications researchers worry about positive serial correlation leaves room for a power gain that arises from restricting the parameter space under the alternative hypothesis, compared to existing procedures that allow for two-sided alternatives. A Monte Carlo experiment shows that the proposed statistics have good size and power performance in very small samples like those typically used in applied work in panel data. An empirical example illustrates the usefulness of the proposed statistics.