萧红小说的女体符号与乡土叙述--《呼兰河传》和《生死场》的性别论述

萧红的小说文本表现了两性关系/性别意识与民族国家文化历史的双重主题.在民族国家文学之外,女性文本的多元特质在她的文本书写中进一步得到延续,为中国现代女性文学遗产开拓出富有符号性意义的女体空间和女性乡土想象书写.在萧红的<呼兰河传>中,萧红大量地书写了女体空间所可能载的各种符号形态,特别是有关跳大神的仪式化女体现象.萧红笔下女性所构成的女体符号空间,其根基建立在民间文化的基础之上.与乡土想象有密切的关系.事实上,萧红对女体的想象书写和乡土的文化空间建构是双线并行的,缺一不可.此种女体/乡土叙述突显出历史文化交织的符号空间,乡土的象征功能是女性作家藉以窥探女性内宇及社会文化系和人生命运不可或缺的书写策略.在萧红的<生死场>中,女体的符号化和乡土的女体化,让萧红笔下的农乡女性归属于此以富有女性意识的土地,也让乡土同样归属于这些生活其上的女性团体.此种乡土经验有别于传统父权/男性视下的乡土经验.     

Risk Factors,Parental Communication,Self and Peers’ Beliefs as Predictors of Condom Use Among Female Adolescents Attending Family Planning Clinics

This study examined the impact of risk factors, self and peers’ beliefs, and parental communication on condom use among 290 female adolescents who attended family planning clinics. The major findings showed that in addition to risk factors, self and peer beliefs about condom use and parental communication about birth control predicted actual condom use. Implications for social workers about the importance of encouraging communication between adolescents and their parents are discussed.     

Transitions in welfare participation and female headship

This study uses data from the 1990, 1992, 1993 and 1996 panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation to examine how welfare policies and local economic conditions contribute to women's transitions into and out of female headship and into and out of welfare participation. It also examines whether welfare participation is directly associated with longer spells of headship. The study employs a simultaneous hazards approach that accounts for unobserved heterogeneity in all of its transition models and for the endogeneity of welfare participation in its headship model. The estimation results indicate that welfare participation significantly reduces the chances of leaving female headship. The estimates also reveal that more generous welfare benefits do not directly contribute to headship but rather contribute indirectly to headship by increasing the chances that a mother will enter welfare and consequently remain a single mother for longer. More generous Earned Income Tax Credit benefits are associated with more stable arrangements for both headship and welfare participation. Other measures of welfare policies, including indicators for the adoption of welfare waivers and the implementation of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families programs, are generally not significantly associated with headship or welfare receipt. Better economic opportunities are estimated to increase headship but reduce welfare participation among unmarried mothers.     

论乌热尔图小说的性别角色

鄂温克族作家乌热尔图的小说文雅纯净、古朴幽深,但充溢着“乾道”之气:男性意识强烈,女性意识淡薄,男性形象呼之欲出,女性形象深藏若虚。若从女性主义视角对其分析不难得出这样的结论:乌热尔图的小说是男性小说,他所描绘的世界是雄性的世界。因而,可以把他的小说归为男性本位文化系统。     

女书研究的现状和存在的问题

本文主要揭示20年来女书研究中存在的假女书、伪女字以及讹伪女书注释资料等严重影响女书文化研究的混乱现象。     

The Development of Theory and Treatment with Substance Abusing Female Juvenile Offenders

Little is known regarding the specific treatment needs of those female juvenile offenders with a history of substance abuse. While social scientists have advanced distinct theories regarding adolescent substance use and juvenile delinquency, minimal work has been conducted to integrate or link these two. In attempting to further explore their interrelationships, this article will review and incorporate the relevant theoretical and practice milestones in three areas: (1) substance abuse and women, (2) substance abuse and adolescents, and (3) substance abuse and juvenile delinquency, leading to the development of new theory and practice relevant to the female substance abusing juvenile offender population. The authors propose some practice considerations for current interventions with this population and discuss implications for future research and exploration.     

绝望的天才与天才的绝望——解读法斯宾德

法斯宾德是位电影天才,他的人生和影片因自己的生活以及所面对的德国历史与现实,而始终带有深入骨髓的绝望感.他通过影片表达对"第三帝国"的历史反思、对德国现实的思考.他的影片崇尚德国式好莱坞电影而具有好看的外观,然而因艺术地运用"间离"手段而使影片具有深刻的意蕴;同时,运用色彩和空间造型的象征来获得深层意蕴是法斯宾德影片的又一特征.     

论李少红影视剧中的女性悲剧意识

李少红是第五代导演中的杰出代表,她自觉地把女性悲剧意识融入自己的影视创作之中,不仅弥补了以往众多影视文本中女性悲剧意识的缺失,而且在这种理念的指导下成功地塑造了不同语境下的多种类型的女性悲剧形象.她以独特的影视叙事风格从性格、爱情、生育以及生存状态等方面分析造成女性悲剧的原因,表达了她自觉而深沉的女性意识,体现了她对女性生存状态的深切关注和多重思考.她所执导的影视剧不仅具有感人的艺术效果,而且具有深刻的悲剧审美意蕴.     

Cohort-level sex ratio effects on women’s labor force participation

It follows from a number of theoretical models of marriage that the scarcer women are relative to men, i.e., the higher the sex ratio, the less married women are likely to participate in the labor force. Such sex ratio effects may be stronger among less educated women. These predictions are tested using individual data from Current Population Surveys for four regions of the U.S. (Northeast, Midwest, South and West), and for the U.S. as a whole, covering the period 1965–2005 at 5-year intervals. Within-region sex ratio variation results from variation in cohort size (due principally to large fluctuations in number of births) and limited fluctuations in the difference between male and female age at marriage. As hypothesized, we find that sex ratios are inversely related to women’s labor force participation, reflecting that ceteris paribus women born in years of peak baby-boom are more likely to be in the labor force than women born in years of peak baby-bust. Additionally, weaker sex ratio effects are found among educated women in two of the four regions of the United States.

女性流动人口的社会保障——基于广州市2005年人口抽样调查数据的分析

本文使用广州市2005年1％人口抽样调查数据,研究女性流动人口参加养老保险的状况.分析发现不同户口性质的女性流动人口参加养老保险的比例低于同类型的男性人口.不同流动原因的女性流动人口参加养老保险的比例差异较大.离开户口登记地时间越长的、受教育程度越高的、签订劳动合同的、已婚的女性流动人口参加养老保险的可能性更大,单位类型对其参保也有显著但复杂的影响.文章认为需要从制度、市场和文化的角度继续展开研究讨论.