Mental disease postpartum and parent‐infant interaction—evaluation of videotaped sessions

In order to investigate the influence of maternal mental illness postpartum on mother‐infant and father‐infant interaction, infants of 14 mentally ill women admitted to hospital within 6 months after delivery were compared to infants of 22 women who had been somatically ill. Videotaped sessions when the infant was 10 months old revealed that mothers in the psychiatric sample showed less sensitivity in comparison to mothers in the somatic sample. When the infant was 2 years old, mothers in the psychiatric sample showed less positive affect and less link‐infant follow (stimulation dimension) as compared to the somatic mothers. However, there were no differences between fathers in the psychiatric sample and fathers in the somatic sample in any of the interaction variables. In the psychiatric sample, fathers showed more warmth as compared to mothers. In the somatic sample, fathers scored higher than mothers on autonomy but lower than mothers on link‐infant follow (stimulation dimension). A possible interpretation of our data was that the mental illness of the mothers may lead to a more active parenting role of the father in order to buffer the deficit in the mother‐infant relation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A latent process model for dementia and psychometric tests

We jointly model longitudinal values of a psychometric test and diagnosis of dementia. The model is based on a continuous-time latent process representing cognitive ability. The link between the latent process and the observations is modeled in two phases. Intermediate variables are noisy observations of the latent process; scores of the psychometric test and diagnosis of dementia are obtained by categorizing these intermediate variables. We propose maximum likelihood inference for this model and we propose algorithms for performing this task. We estimated the parameters of such a model using the data of the 5 year follow-up of the PAQUID study. In particular this analysis yielded interesting results about the effect of educational level on both latent cognitive ability and specific performance in the mini mental test examination. The predictive ability of the model is illustrated by predicting diagnosis of dementia at the 8 year follow-up of the PAQUID study based on the information from the first 5 years.     

论心理挫折、心理疾病产生的原因及对策

人遇挫折会造成身心痛苦 ,影响学习和工作效率。本文论述了受挫折后人的心理和行为变化 ,提出战胜挫折的方法 ,增强身心健康 ,提高效率。     

高校教工慢性病及其危险因素现状调查

2012年1月—2013年1月,对几所高校1 268名教工慢性病的发病情况及危险因素进了行分析.结果表明,随着年龄增长,女性患高血压、高脂血症及肥胖、超重的比例均呈增高趋势;而55岁以下的男性,肥胖和超重人数随年龄增长而增多,大于55岁者则渐趋下降.糖尿病和高血压患者无性别差异,其他慢性病的患病率均为男性高于女性.高脂血症和高血压随体重指数(BMI)的增高而有上升之势,而体重指数与糖尿病的患病率无明显相关性.肥胖、超重或消瘦的教职工,其糖尿病患病率均高于标准体重指数的人群.     

后期维特根斯坦对哲学病的探究

维特根斯坦是自康德以来西方哲学史上对哲学的性质问题作深入思考的又一位重要哲学家。他在后期哲学中认为 ,以往哲学总是采取心理主义或本质主义的单一固定模式来理解日常语言 ,结果导致了哲学语言的痼疾。基于此 ,哲学的任务是 :既要全面了解日常语言所描述的问题 ,获得“全貌概观” ,又要依照某种具体情境 ,对日常语言停留在“家族相似”层面上的理解 ,以还日常语言丰富和真实的“游戏”本色。     

传播传染病行为的刑法评析--兼论传播传染病行为刑事立法

现行刑法没有规定"传播传染病罪",给目前SARS的防治带来一些法律上的障碍.最高人民法院、最高人民检察院于2003年5月15日颁布了<关于办理妨害预防、控制突发传染病疫情等灾害的刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释[法释(2003)8号]>,其中第一条规定传播突发传染病病原体的,按照以危险方法危害公共安全罪定罪处罚.通过对现行刑法中危害公共卫生罪及"两高"司法解释的深入分析,认为应该在刑法中确立"传播传染病罪",并对该罪名的刑事立法问题提出了立法建议.     

大学生的临终关怀意识与死亡态度

我国的临终关怀事业正在起步阶段,民众的临终关怀意识有待提升。基于问卷调查,探讨大学生的临终关怀意识及其与死亡态度和生活满意度之间的关系,结果显示,大学生临终关怀意识水平不高,89.6%的大学生不知道临终关怀如何实施;68.3%的大学生处于不镇定的死亡态度;病情告知、继续治疗、临终关怀认知、临终关怀接纳、死亡态度和生活满意度之间存在复杂的相关关系。Logistic回归分析提示,性别、是否配合家人假装不知道自己的病情以及生活满意度对死亡态度得分有较为显著的预测性。引导大学生参与临终关怀志愿活动,广泛开展科普宣传活动,可有效提升大学生的临终关怀意识,这对我国临终关怀事业的健康发展具有重要意义。     

Measuring Self-Appraised Changes following Participation in an Intervention for Caregivers of Individuals with Dementia

This study examined the psychometric properties of the Self-Appraisal of Change Scale, a measure designed to capture domains that are subjectively relevant to caregivers, associated with overall well-being, and amenable to change upon engaging in an intervention. Data from 107 caregivers of veterans with dementia enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of a telephone-delivered caregiver psychoeducation and support group program (the Telehealth Education Program (TEP)) were analyzed. The TEP, which was delivered by master’s prepared social workers and a nurse dementia care manager, targeted caregivers’ dementia-related knowledge, attitudes, and self-management skills. Analyses were conducted to determine the factor structure, reliability, validity, and measurement invariance of the scale. Factor analyses yielded a single-factor solution for the scale’s nine items. The reliability and construct validity of the scale were also supported by the analyses. Multi-group analyses suggested that meaningful comparisons of scale items and total raw scores can be made across usual care (UC) and intervention groups. The findings offer preliminary support that the scale may represent a valid and reliable instrument that captures perceived changes in key domains (e.g. caregiving knowledge, attitudes, and skill) following participation in a psychoeducational and support intervention trial.     

重大传染病疫情演化情境下应急物资配置决策建模分析:以新冠肺炎疫情为例

基于对新冠肺炎疫情时空分布的分析,从时段、关键事件、传播动力学、空间分布、感染规模、信息特征、医疗资源等7个维度构建了重大传染病疫情演化的5种情境,提出了各种情境下需要解决的5个关键应急物资配置决策问题。综合考虑应急物资配置的空间、信息、物资、供应、需求和网络等特性,分析了每一个决策问题进行建模优化的关键因素。基于这些关键因素构建了一个多周期贝叶斯序贯决策模型,给出了求解步骤和解析解,并结合武汉疫情进行了算例分析,验证了模型的有效性。在重大传染病疫情演化情境下,综合考虑这些关键因素,应用贝叶斯决策分析进行应急物资配置决策建模有利于建立更加符合实际的决策模型,减少决策损失。     

我国古代政府的疫病控制措施

疫病是人类共同的敌人,在历史发展过程中,它无时无刻不在威胁着我们祖先的身体健康和生命安全。直到医学科学高度发达的今天,我们仍然不能摆脱疫病造成的恐惧和苦难。我国是世界文明发祥地之一,很早以前就有了同疫病做斗争的经验和教训,在长期艰苦不懈的探索中,我们的祖先不断发现治疗疾病和控制传染的办法,无论是医家还是政府,都为我们留下了宝贵的财富。了解历史,能够为当前有效预防和控制SARS的再次出现提供借鉴和帮助。