政府决策权、执行权、监督权相互制约的运行现状分析——基于对地方公务员调查数据的实证分析

党的十七大报告使得政府决策权、执行权、监督权相互制约的改革再一次进入到人们的视线当中.为切实摸清我国目前政府决策权、执行权、监督权相互制约的现状,<中国行政管理体制现状调查和改革研究>课题组对地方公务员进行了抽样调查.调查结果显示,当前政府决策权、执行权、监督权相互制约的运行中存在的问题主要有权力界限不清、监督权乏力、制度不健全三个方面.本文围绕实地调查数据对以上问题进行了多方位的分析.     

作为支配的权力:一种观念的分析

作为支配的权力表明权力主体与权力客体间存在支配与服从的关系,意味着权力主体具有支配权力客体的能力.作为支配的权力所以能够存在,其根源在于,社会成员在动员资源的能力上是不对称的,那些在经济资本、社会资本、文化资本与符号资本上占有优势的社会行动者能够更多地影响、干预与支配其他群体与成员.在社会生活中,权力与权力的运用存在差异,不能将权力错误地等同于权力的运用.作为支配的权力的运用通常包括暴力、威慑、操纵、诱导与说服的方式.从政治发展的角度讲,政治文明化的过程实质上就是作为支配的权力逐步消亡的过程.     

正交多项式逼近下非线性趋势序列单位根检验

 传统单位根检验方法常常假设带有线性的确定性趋势,但如果趋势是非线性的,通常将因为检验功效大幅下降而导致检验失败。本文研究用正交多项式逼近非线性趋势,然后对残差进行单位根检验的方法。研究了用正交多项式进行趋势逼近的性质,推导了这种方法进行单位根检验时统计量的极限分布,提出了正交多项式最高阶数的确定方法,仿真研究了残差相关与不相关时的检验功效。结果表明,检验方法是有效的。     

论权力伦理基本精神的建构

权力的运行应该受到权力伦理的引导,权力伦理的基本精神应当涵盖权力伦理核心价值的坚守、公共节操的培育和强化、权力边界的制度规约等三个方面.应当倡导权力伦理的核心价值,确保权力对权利的忠诚,保障公共价值的实现;高扬公共节操,培育权力主体的公共德性,让权力主体形成健康、高尚的道德人格;设置权力边界,强化制度对权力的伦理约束功能,使民众尽享权力之利而免受权力之害.     

也门统一模式及其对中国的启示

二战后出现的民族分裂国家中,1990年也门统一是一体化统一模式的唯一案例。本文尝试以复合权力结构为视角,通过对也门一体化统一进程中全球硬权力结构、全球软权力结构、地区硬权力结构、地区软权力结构、国家硬权力结构、国家软权力结构六项内容的变化进行比较研究,论证"复合权力结构影响也门一体化统一"的研究假设。该结论对中国"一国两制"一体化统一政策的实施具有重要的参考价值。     

宪法视野下的权力经济及其规制——以李庄案为例

李庄案萌生于我国权力经济形态的大背景。我国《宪法》文本中所规定的计划经济与市场经济,社会主义因素与非社会主义因素并存的制度设计,是导致权力经济的宪法成因。只有突破权力经济,回归＂从身份到契约＂的进步社会运动,实行契约宪政制度,构建服务型政府,才能杜绝下一个李庄案的出现。     

Some Theoretical and Simulation Results on the Frequency Domain Causality Test

Breitung and Candelon (2006 Breitung , J. , Candelon , B. ( 2006 ). Testing for short- and long-run causality: A frequency-domain approach . Journal of Econometrics 132 : 363 – 378 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) in Journal of Econometrics proposed a simple statistical testing procedure for the noncausality hypothesis at a given frequency. In their paper, however, they reported some theoretical results indicating that their test severely suffers from quite low power when the noncausality hypothesis is tested at a frequency close to 0 or pi. This paper examines whether or not these results indicate their procedure is useless at such frequencies.     

Some robustness issues for comparing multiple logistic regression slopes to a control for small samples

For comparing several logistic regression slopes to that of a control for small sample sizes, Dasgupta et al. (2001) proposed an "asymptotic" small-sample test and a "pivoted" version of that test statistic. Their results show both methods perform well in terms of Type I error control and marginal power when the response is related to the explanatory variable via a logistic regression model. This study finds, via Monte Carlo simulations, that when the underlying relationship is probit, complementary log-log, linear, or even non-monotonic, the "asymptotic" and the "pivoted" small-sample methods perform fairly well in terms of Type I error control and marginal power. Unlike their large sample competitors, they are generally robust to departures from the logistic regression model.     

The S-system computation of non-central gamma distribution

The non-central gamma distribution can be regarded as a general form of non-central χ² distributions whose computations were thoroughly investigated (Ruben, H., 1974, Non-central chi-square and gamma revisited. Communications in Statistics, 3(7), 607–633; Knüsel, L., 1986, Computation of the chi-square and Poisson distribution. SIAM Journal on Scientific and Statistical Computing, 7, 1022–1036; Voit, E.O. and Rust, P.F., 1987, Noncentral chi-square distributions computed by S-system differential equations. Proceedings of the Statistical Computing Section, ASA, pp. 118–121; Rust, P.F. and Voit, E.O., 1990, Statistical densities, cumulatives, quantiles, and power obtained by S-systems differential equations. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 85, 572–578; Chattamvelli, R., 1994, Another derivation of two algorithms for the noncentral χ² and F distributions. Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, 49, 207–214; Johnson, N.J., Kotz, S. and Balakrishnan, N., 1995, Continuous Univariate Distributions, Vol. 2 (2nd edn) (New York: Wiley). Both distributional function forms are usually in terms of weighted infinite series of the central one. The ad hoc approximations to cumulative probabilities of non-central gamma were extended or discussed by Chattamvelli, Knüsel and Bablok (Knüsel, L. and Bablok, B., 1996, Computation of the noncentral gamma distribution. SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing, 17, 1224–1231), and Ruben (Ruben, H., 1974, Non-central chi-square and gamma revisited. Communications in Statistics, 3(7), 607–633). However, they did not implement and demonstrate proposed numerical procedures. Approximations to non-central densities and quantiles are not available. In addition, its S-system formulation has not been derived. Here, approximations to cumulative probabilities, density, and quantiles based on the method of Knüsel and Bablok are derived and implemented in R codes. Furthermore, two alternate S-system forms are recast on the basis of techniques of Savageau and Voit (Savageau, M.A. and Voit, E.O., 1987, Recasting nonlinear differential equations as S-systems: A canonical nonlinear form. Mathematical Biosciences, 87, 83–115) as well as Chen (Chen, Z.-Y., 2003, Computing the distribution of the squared sample multiple correlation coefficient with S-Systems. Communications in Statistics—Simulation and Computation, 32(3), 873–898.) and Chen and Chou (Chen, Z.-Y. and Chou, Y.-C., 2000, Computing the noncentral beta distribution with S-system. Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, 33, 343–360.). Statistical densities, cumulative probabilities, quantiles can be evaluated by only one numerical solver power low analysis and simulation (PLAS). With the newly derived S-systems of non-central gamma, the specialized non-central χ² distributions are demonstrated under five cases in the same three situations studied by Rust and Voit. Both numerical values in pairs are almost equal. Based on these, nine cases in three similar situations are designed for demonstration and evaluation. In addition, exact values in finite significant digits are provided for comparison. Demonstrations are conducted by R package and PLAS solver in the same PC system. By doing these, very accurate and consistent numerical results are obtained by three methods in two groups. On the other hand, these three methods are performed competitively with respect to speed of computation. Numerical advantages of S-systems over the ad hoc approximation and related properties are also discussed.