村民自治：农村基层权力合法性基础的合理调整

任何政治权力系统都必须建立在权力合法性基础之上 ,方可得以稳定和巩固。我国国家行政权力合法性的本质是权力来源于对人民利益的实现能力和程度。我国农村基层权力合法性基础经历了稳定、危机显现、合理调整的发展历程。     

从公立高等学校管理行为的可诉性看公立高等学校的行政主体资格

公立高等学校由于法律、法规的授权取得一定的行政管理职能,成为行政法意义上的行政主体,使其行政行为具有可诉性.对公立高等学校行政主体资格的研究,有利于保护高等学校和相对方(教师和学生)的合法权益,提高高等学校的依法行政水平.     

回归欧亚大陆——中国大战略转型

文明是地缘的产物,东西方文明观念根深蒂固的差异源于地理因素。数千年华夏文明始终作为一种整体性力量而存在,文明力量是中国的战略优势之一;过去200年,中国成功地消化了西方文明的冲击,伴随着美国衰落,中国海上进取的门户洞开,固有的国家战略也开始复活;中国应继续保持战略克制,与美协作,实施大战略回归,而西部战略通道的开拓将缔造全新的欧亚世纪。     

Power play: the use of space to control and signify power in the workplace

ABSTRACT

The findings of this article emerge from an eight-month study examining career identity practices amongst a select group of fitness professionals in the U.K. We examine how the inter-relationship between physical and social space can denote how power is acquired, displayed, and used by individuals interacting in a shared space. The findings show that power is signified through spatial practices as individuals negotiate through triadic space, creating an identity of space and place for both trainer and client that identifies power, and signifies who has power. Fitness professionals with high levels of symbolic power are able to subvert organizational spatial norms to better serve themselves and their clients, while those with lower levels of symbolic power are forced to, or choose to, negotiate or abdicate space to others. These findings are relevant to a wide range of occupations where self-employment and contract workers interact in shared space.     

Unjust punishment in organizations

What causes leaders to punish subordinates unjustly? And why might leaders keep punishing subordinates unjustly, even when this increases workplace misconduct? In the current paper we address these questions by suggesting that power and status cause leaders to punish unjustly. We review evidence on the effects of power and status on punishment, review how unjust punishments foster misconduct, and highlight how this creates a self-perpetuating feedback loop—leaders are more likely to punish in an unjust manner when subordinates engage in misconduct, but subordinates’ misconduct is partly caused by unjust punishments. We also discuss how leader-subordinate distrust may be at the heart of this phenomenon and how organizations may counteract unjust punishments. We draw attention to research areas that have received little attention and draw up an agenda for future research. Taken together, we integrate the literatures on power, status, punishment and trust, review evidence on when unjust punishments become perpetuating, challenge research suggesting that leaders are cautious when punishing, and guide future research on the topic of punishment in organizations.     

A new nonparametric bivariate test for two sample location problem

A strictly nonparametric bivariate test for two sample location problem is proposed. The proposed test is easy to apply and does not require the stringent condition of affine-symmetry or elliptical symmetry which is required by some of the major tests available for the same problem. The power function of the proposed test is calculated. The asymptotic distribution of the proposed test statistic is found to be normal. The power of proposed test is compared with some of the well-known tests under various distributions using Monte Carlo simulation technique. The power study shows that the proposed test statistic performs better than most of the test statistics for almost all the distributions considered here. As soon as the underlying population structure deviates from normality, the ability of the proposed test statistic to detect the smallest shift in location increases as compared to its competitors. The application of the test is shown by using a data set.     

权力·文化传统·外乡人——历史长篇小说《阴山殇》的文化解读

草原实力派作家孟和撰写的历史题材长篇小说《阴山殇》以乌拉特西公旗草原的历史、社会和自然为背景,以权力、暴力、欲望为叙述主线,通过塑造不同阶层人物形象,反映了权力、道德、社会秩序的崩溃以及战乱带来的灾难与恐惧。     

古代以色列民族律法观念下的王权特征

古代以色列民族君主制度的一个重要特征,是"有限君权"。这一特征与以色列民族古老的律法观念传统有着密切关系。在以色列民族的传统中,律法来自耶和华的启示,具有神圣性。国王则与百姓一样,是律法的遵行者,本身并不具有神圣性。"君权神授",而且其权力被认为是耶和华出于百姓现实需要的一种宽容,而不是一种必然。这一传统认识的长期存在,是以色列民族立国后长期存在的以氏族部落制度为基础的生产资料所有制的形式所决定的。正是这一根本原因,使得以色列民族君主制度的历史上,不可能出现拥有绝对权力的国王,也为"申命派"史家和先知们对民族诸王的评判奠定了现实基础。     

Power and perceptions in participatory monitoring and evaluation

This paper examines the assumptions that commonly underpin the design of participatory monitoring and evaluation (PM&E) within development programmes through the examination of a case study of a large rural development programme in Uganda. This case study reveals a mismatch between programme assumptions and participant perceptions, which stymied the implementation of PM&E. In this case, PM&E was based on the assumptions that programme and participant goals were compatible, participants were willing to volunteer and engage themselves for the greater good of their communities, and information sharing and communication was fairly free and open. However, farmers within the programme felt that the bureaucratic and accountability requirements of the programme were not their concern, and were acutely aware of power differences between farmers and programme officials, and between farmers of varying status. The key lesson to be drawn from this case is the need for a heightened awareness of power dynamics and political factors in the design of PM&E.     

The Tunnel at the End of the Light: the Crisis of Transition in Hungary

The economic, political and social transition processes of the last two decades, far from being in harmony, clearly have a detrimental rather than an enriching influence on each other. These processes will never become harmonised just by themselves in a natural fashion. The worst obstacle of a successful transformation is that the chief actors, such as the government, the market and the representatives of the society. The Prince, the Merchant and the Citizen do not show the necessary commitment, competence and determination to create a new, effective type of partnership. This is a challenge which urgently demands answers on all levels of governance, economic and social life. This must be done in the frames of local communities, and on the regional, the European and the global levels. Nearly twenty years after the political turnabout, Hungary now needs a new social contract and must lay down the ethical, political, institutional and intellectual foundations for its twenty-first century democracy.