Impact of socio-economic infrastructure investments on income inequality in Iran

One of the main subjects, governments have been facing is fair distribution of income, and making effort to improve it. In this study, we evaluated the effects of economic (energy, water, ICT) and social (health, education) infrastructure expenses on income inequality in the Iranian provinces for the period of 2007–2016 by the panel corrected standard errors (PCSE) model. The results show that social and economic infrastructures improvements reduce income inequality. However, the magnitude of these effects varies. Investment on education, healthcare, communication technology, energy, and water infrastructures has the greatest impact on income inequality reduction, respectively. Therefore, in order to reduce inequality in deprived areas, combination and optimal allocation of economic and social infrastructures should be considered.     

Another legacy of the COVID-19 pandemic: Income divergence

The uneven economic recovery from the pandemic-induced global recession of 2020 is expected to disrupt a multi-decade trend of per capita income convergence between advanced and emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs). This stands in contrast to the global recession following the global financial crisis. Should downside risks to the global recovery, in particular financial market stress, materialize, they are likely to set back growth in EMDEs more than in advanced economies in part because of the more limited policy space remaining in EMDEs, and would further widen per capita income divergence.     

最低工资政策的城镇家庭收入分配效应研究

家庭在福利分析中具有重要地位，但家庭收入如何受最低工资政策影响却很少得到关注。本文采用2005-2015年中国综合社会调查（CGSS）数据，利用多时期双重差分和再中心化影响函数回归方法实证考察了最低工资政策对我国城镇家庭收入及其分布的影响。研究发现：①最低工资标准上涨显著提升了处于贫困标准1~2倍家庭的收入水平，对贫困标准以下或高于贫困标准2倍以上的家庭收入没有影响；②最低工资标准提升可有效减缓城镇家庭收入不平等，尤其对家庭收入分布较低分位部分的不平等程度有明显改善；③最低工资政策对家庭收入的最终影响取决于工资溢出效应和就业挤出效应的比较，且其对不同收入等级家庭中成员的收入和就业影响存在明显的异质性。政府在制定最低工资政策时，应针对低收入女性劳动力出台相应的配套措施，以保证各类低收入家庭均能从最低工资标准提升中受益。     

我院96级专科学生英语学习成绩研究与分析

为了更详细地了解学生的英语学习情况,以增强和促进我院的专科英语教学,本文对我院96级学生的英语学习成绩用统计中的回归分析和假设检验进行了统计和分析,并提出了三点建议。     

An Adaptive,Rate‐Optimal Test of a Parametric Mean‐Regression Model Against a Nonparametric Alternative

We develop a new test of a parametric model of a conditional mean function against a nonparametric alternative. The test adapts to the unknown smoothness of the alternative model and is uniformly consistent against alternatives whose distance from the parametric model converges to zero at the fastest possible rate. This rate is slower than n^−1/2. Some existing tests have nontrivial power against restricted classes of alternatives whose distance from the parametric model decreases at the rate n^−1/2. There are, however, sequences of alternatives against which these tests are inconsistent and ours is consistent. As a consequence, there are alternative models for which the finite‐sample power of our test greatly exceeds that of existing tests. This conclusion is illustrated by the results of some Monte Carlo experiments.     

收入差距和社会公正:拉美国家社会保障体系的发展及其经验

在对拉美社会保障体系的研究中,人们的关注大多集中在其九十年代的以私有化为导向的改革中,而对于其改革成效和晚近发展讨论较少,对这些体系特点以及社会基础的解释也很不充分。拉美国家社会政策发展的教训警示我们:城市化和市场化的发展未必增进社会全体人民的生活状况,而会导致社会两极化或强化社会区隔。拉美国家私有化、民营化的经验在增强福利供给的多样性、给人们更多的选择方面起到很大作用,但其在增进社会保障程度、减少贫困率方面的效应却很弱。这些国际经验对于我们回答中国的社会实践问题可以提供相应的参照系。     

人口年龄结构、经济增长与中国居民消费

本文以生命周期假说为理论基础,运用中国2002-2008年的省级面板数据分析了人口年龄结构变化和经济增长对中国居民消费率的影响.实证研究发现:人口结构因素和收入增长率对居民消费有着显著的影响.其中,消费率与少儿抚养比、老年抚养比间分别存在正相关关系和负相关关系,与经济增长率之间存在负相关关系.然而,在分别对东、中、西部地区的研究中却发现,消费率与抚养比以及经济增长率的关系并不与全国保持一致,这些差别反映了区域间经济社会发展差距以及不同地区老龄化程度的差异.     

珠江三角洲刑事犯罪人、被害人的人口特征分析

本文以珠江三角洲某特大城市的一个区2004年全年所发生的2180个有效特大刑事案件的资料为载体,探讨了刑事犯罪人和被害人在性别、户籍构成以及案件类型上所存在的差异,进而提出了犯罪行为中的“树大招风”现象和“社会分层”现象,并做了进一步的探讨。     

流转税和所得税的福利效应研究

 本文根据我国城市（镇）不同收入阶层1999年至2008年的支出结构数据及现金收入和支出统计状况,测算出我国城镇居民消费支出的有效税率②和所得税额;利用跨期消费决策的两期模型,构造居民消费效用函数,即消费者的福利函数,测算出我国流转税和所得税的福利损失（成本）。结果显示：我国居民消费符合边际消费倾向递减规律;不同收入阶层的消费时间偏好不同,收入水平越低越倾向于当前消费;流转税具有明显的累退效应,而所得税的累进效应,特别是个人所得税的累进效应不明显,使得我国当前的税制结构对收入分配的调节力度不够。