医疗保险对农村居民家庭消费的影响分析--基于不同收入层级的跨地区比较

利用2009、2010农村固定观察点数据,分析了医疗保险对不同地区、不同收入层级的农村居民家庭医疗消费支出和非医疗消费支出的影响。实证结果表明：医疗保险对农村居民家庭的医疗类消费不存在显著影响,对非医疗类消费支出则存在显著的正向促进作用。分地区来看,医疗保险对东西部地区农村居民家庭医疗类消费的影响差异显著,对东中部地区农村居民家庭非医疗类消费支出的影响同样差异显著;分收入层级来看,医疗保险对家庭医疗类消费的影响在不同收入层级的农村居民家庭之间不存在显著差异,但对非医疗类消费支出的影响在不同收入层级之间差异显著。此外,商业医疗保险作为医疗保险体系的重要组成部分,对促进农村消费起到带动作用。最后,本文从加大政府补贴和完善保障机制两个方面提出政策建议以期有效降低农村居民家庭超常的预防性储蓄,促进农村居民家庭消费。     

The sensitivity of income polarization

This study looks at polarization and its components’ sensitivity to assumptions about equivalence scales, income definition, ethical income distribution parameters, and the income accounting period. A representative sample of Danish individual incomes from 1984 to 2002 is utilised. Results show that polarization has increased over time, regardless of the applied measure, when the last part of the period is compared to the first part of the period; primary causes being increased inequality (alienation) and faster income growth among high incomes relative to those in the middle of the distribution. Increasing the accounting period confirms the reduction in inequality found for shorter periods, but polarization is virtually unchanged, because income group identification increases. Applying different equivalence scales does not change polarization ranking for different years, but identification ranks are affected. The welfare state considerably reduces income polarization and inequality, but at the expense of some more identification.      

台湾高山族经济现状的分析

台湾高山族在过去的半个世纪中,经历了三个历史时期,实现了从传统的自然经济到商品经济的转变,但人均收入和生活水平依然远远不及台湾省平均水准,与一般家庭之间存在着较大的收入不平等。其主要原因在于高山族人口的产业结构相对落后和教育程度尚低,尤其是后者,更是民族经济可持续发展的决定因素。这些对于少数民族集中的西部地区大开发有一定的借鉴意义。     

我国企业对外直接投资涉税法律问题研究

中国企业对外直接投资的发展离不开税法的支持。分析我国企业对外直接投资涉税法律制度的现状,指出我国《企业所得税法》还存在很多不足,严重阻碍我国企业对外直接投资的长足发展。在对我国企业所得税法进行理论分析和借鉴发达国家经验的基础上,从促进企业“走出去”发展的角度,提出完善我国企业对外直接投资税收法律制度的建议。     

Income inequality and participation: A comparison of 24 European countries

Previous research suggests that when there is a high level of inequality, there is a low rate of participation. Two arguments are generally offered: First, inequality depresses participation because people from different status groups have fewer opportunities to share common goals. Second, people may participate more in civic and social life when they have more resources. However, until now, these explanations have not been separated empirically. Using EU-SILC data for 24 European countries, we analyze how income inequality is related to civic and social participation. Our results indicate that the main effects of inequality manifest via resources at the individual and societal level. However, independent of these resources, higher inequality is associated with lower civic participation. Furthermore, inequality magnifies the relationship between income and participation. This finding is in line with the view that inter-individual processes explain why inequality diminishes participation.     

Effects of Alternative Policies on Income Redistribution: Evidence from Brazil

Despite recent successes, Brazilian income (cash) transfer policies remain controversial, and alternative approaches to income redistribution are being actively considered. This article contributes to this debate, analysing the effects of several alternative policies for income redistribution in the Brazilian economy using a computable general equilibrium model. Simulations were conducted consistent with the following policies: direct transfer of income, reduction of taxes, and incentives to agricultural exports. The results suggest that transfer of income is the most effective in promoting redistribution of income, with a positive impact on the level of welfare of the poorest households.     

英国都铎王朝的财政结构及王权和议会的关系

都铎王朝财政收入结构由普通收入和非常收入两部分组成。从都铎王权财政收入结构看,王权对议会具有很强的依赖性,这突出体现在关税和议会税在财政结构中的地位和作用上。这种依赖性在很大程度上决定了王权和议会的关系,主要表现在"王在议会"和"议会至上"原则萌芽以及王权有限性和议会权力增长等方面。这种独特的关系对英国政治和历史产生深远影响。     

近代日本消费需求变动的因素分析

长期影响近代日本消费需求变动的因素主要有四个方面:国民经济的不断增长和国民收入的不断提高是近代日本消费需求逐渐上升的物质基础和前提条件;近代工矿交通事业的发展,使国民收入分配格局朝着有利于劳动的方向转变,这是促进近代日本消费需求不断上升的积极力量;人口规模及其构成的变动是近代日本消费需求不断上升的重要推动力量;消费的示范效应、攀比行为和不可逆行为对消费需求不断上升起着一定的推动作用。     

促进云南农民增收的社会环境因素分析

农民长期持续地增加收入是农村发展的主题,也是国民经济发展的主题。作者通过分析影响农民增收的政治及社会因素,指出当前农民增收还存在许多不利因素。因此,要从5个方面改善农民的增收环境。     

从自利假设到社会财富的增加

如果经济学理论当中存在公理的话 ,当首推斯密的“经济人”假设 ,即自利假设。经济科学发展到今天 ,仍然没有能够抛弃自利的假定 ;经济实践的发展过程中 ,自利假定不仅引发了对财富变化的思考 ,而且对产权制度的安排亦颇多启发。当基于自利的财富变化不能朝着有利的方向发展时 ,制度的革新就成为必然