公共经济主体的多元化与政府治理结构的改革

20世纪70年代以来,新自由主义和西方公共经济学开始兴起。公共经济主体日益多元化,西方国家的政府治理结构出现了放任市场的转型。私人部门、第三部门、社区、国际组织纷纷成为公共经济的主体,甚至黑社会组织也为资产阶级提供公共产品。而对人民群众和社会主义国家来说,劳动者组织和公有制经济部门才是政府部门之外的最主要的公共经济主体。只要西方国家的政府还是资产阶级的政府,那么,无论其治理结构如何转型,都阻止不了政治经济危机的发生,相比之下,只有社会主义国家才有可能依靠人民群众来实现政府治理结构的改革,使国家的职能只限于几项符合普遍性、全国性目的的职能。其中比较重要的是实现政企分开,将国有资产管理委员会成建制地从各级政府划归同级人大管辖。     

高校图书馆与大学生素质教育

全面推进素质教育是高校工作的重要目标 ,作为高校三大支柱之一的图书馆 ,是高校实施素质教育的重要基地。文章就高校图书馆在大学生素质教育中的作用、图书馆如何利用自身优势、发挥教育职能、把素质教育的思想贯穿于图书馆工作 ,以及对图书馆实施素质教育的目标和途径 ,如何提高大学生的创新精神和实践能力等问题做了论述。     

基于次梯度投影的泛投资组合选择策略

在线投资组合选择(online portfolio selection)问题是当前量化投资领域一个重要的研究问题.近些年来,可投资标的的爆炸式增长急需能够有效计算的投资组合选择策略,而现有高绩效算法大多具有指数级或多项式级的时间复杂度,不利于在实际中应用.由此,本文提出了一种基于次梯度投影的泛投资组合选择策略SGP.将次梯度投影的思想应用到资产组合构建的过程中,得到策略的再平衡规则.理论上,本文分析了次梯度投影算法的竞争性能,证明了该策略是一个泛投资组合选择策略;并发现该算法具有线性时间复杂度.实证上,验证了SGP策略在美国与中国市场的表现.结果表明,SGP策略能够实现和最新的泛投资组合选择策略相当的收益率,而算法运行时间短于现有策略.参数敏感性分析表明SGP策略对参数选择不敏感;交易成本敏感性分析表明SGP策略能够承受合理的交易成本.     

非言语交际与外语教学

非言语交际作为言语交际的重要组成部分,在外语教学中,起着不可忽视的作用。恰当地使用非言语交际行为,能够创建良好的师生关系,提高学生学习兴趣。本文分析了非言语交际行为的重要性及其在外语课堂教学中的表现形式和作用。     

我国新型农民合作社的形态、功能及其发展

按照性质不同,我国的农民合作社可划分为新型农民合作社和传统农民合作社两大类型.新型农民合作社的基本功能是农户间的团结协作和互利互惠,它有利于促进农业产业化经营;抵御农业经营风险;实现农民共同富裕;推进农村民主政治建设.从我国的情况看,在发达国家农业产业化经营的三种模式--综合型模式、合同型模式和合作社型模式中,合作社型模式更适合我国的农业产业化经营.由于当前在发展新型农民合作社中存在的,诸如合作的认识不够明确、合作的环境不够优良、合作的机制不够完善的问题,这需要通过教育普及国际公认的合作经济理论和实务知识;尽快出台<农村资金合作社法>,明确各类农民合作社的主管部门;建立、健全合作社"三会"制度及议事规则.     

Use of log−log survival function in modeling time-covariate interactions in Cox regression

Plotting of log−log survival functions against time for different categories or combinations of categories of covariates is perhaps the easiest and most commonly used graphical tool for checking proportional hazards (PH) assumption. One problem in the utilization of the technique is that the covariates need to be categorical or made categorical through appropriate grouping of the continuous covariates. Subjectivity in the decision making on the basis of eye-judgment of the plots and frequent inconclusiveness arising in situations where the number of categories and/or covariates gets larger are among other limitations of this technique. This paper proposes a non-graphical (numerical) test of the PH assumption that makes use of log−log survival function. The test enables checking proportionality for categorical as well as continuous covariates and overcomes the other limitations of the graphical method. Observed power and size of the test are compared to some other tests of its kind through simulation experiments. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed test is more powerful than some of the most sensitive tests in the literature in a wide range of survival situations. An example of the test is given using the widely used gastric cancer data.     

1998年、2008年两次国务院机构改革“三定”规定比较研究——基于政府职能转变的视角

改革开放以来,国务院相继经历了6次比较大的机构改革,纵观这6次机构改革.尤以1998年和2008年的动作幅度最大、影响范围最广且具有标志性的意义.1998年和2008年这两次机构改革,都是以职能转变是政府机构改革的核心,但这两次又有所不同.本文通过两次机构改革中形成的"三定规定"的研究,以政府职能转变为视角,分析我国行政管理体制取得的进展与成就,同时根据服务型政府建设的要求,找出不足,明确下一步改革的方向,这对于进一步深化行政管理体制改革、建设人民满意的服务型政府具有重要意义.     

试论知识经济与高校学术功能

知识经济时代的到来 ,把高等学校推向了社会的中心地位 ,同时带来了新的生机。高校人才集聚 ,应成为知识经济的策源地 ,这就要求高校发挥基础性研究的学术功能 ,综合研究的学术功能 ,教学研究的学术功能 ,应用研究的学术功能 ,高校自身发展研究的学术功能 ,才能够完成历史使命     

Automating argument construction

Over the past five years the Artificial Intelligence Center at SRI has been developing a new technology to address the problem of automated information management within real- world contexts. The result of this work is a body of techniques for automated reasoning from evidence that we call evidential reasoning. The techniques are based upon the mathematics of belief functions developed by Dempster and Shafer and have been successfully applied to a variety of problems including computer vision, multisensor integration, and intelligence analysis.

We have developed both a formal basis and a framework for implementating automated reasoning systems based upon these techniques. Both the formal and practical approach can be divided into four parts: (1) specifying a set of distinct propositional spaces, (2) specifying the interrelationships among these spaces, (3) representing bodies of evidence as belief distributions, and (4) establishing paths of the bodies for evidence to move through these spaces by means of evidential operations, eventually converging on spaces where the target questions can be answered. These steps specify a means for arguing from multiple bodies of evidence toward a particular (probabilistic) conclusion. Argument construction is the process by which such evidential analyses are constructed and is the analogue of constructing proof trees in a logical context.

This technology features the ability to reason from uncertain, incomplete, and occasionally inaccurate information based upon seven evidential operations: fusion, discounting, translation, projection, summarization, interpretation, and gisting. These operation are theoretically sound but have intuitive appeal as well.

In implementing this formal approach, we have found that evidential arguments can be represented as graphs. To support the construction, modification, and interrogation of evidential arguments, we have developed Gister. Gister provides an interactive, menu-driven, graphical interface that allows these graphical structures to be easily manipulated.

Our goal is to provide effective automated aids to domain experts for argument construction. Gister represents our first attempt at such an aid.     

Weighted simulated integrated conditional moment tests for parametric conditional distributions of stationary time series processes

In this article, we propose a weighted simulated integrated conditional moment (WSICM) test of the validity of parametric specifications of conditional distribution models for stationary time series data, by combining the weighted integrated conditional moment (ICM) test of Bierens (1984 Bierens, H. J. (1984). Model specification testing of time series regressions. Journal of Econometrics 26:323–353.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) for time series regression models with the simulated ICM test of Bierens and Wang (2012 Bierens, H. J., Wang, L. (2012). Integrated conditional moment tests for parametric conditional distributions. Econometric Theory 28:328–362.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) of conditional distribution models for cross-section data. To the best of our knowledge, no other consistent test for parametric conditional time series distributions has been proposed yet in the literature, despite consistency claims made by some authors.