从起点均等的角度试论高等教育公平问题

由于家庭经济收入状况、地域差异、性别差异等因素对其就业机会、求学条件等方面产生的影响,使得教育公平问题日益凸现出来,引起世人的广泛关注。一方面,机会均等保证了教育起点的相对均等,进而促进教育公平的实现;另一方面,公平的教育体系又能够推进教育机会和起点的均等,使教育系统良性循环下去。以高等教育为例,教育公平有赖于教育多元化的发展,这是缓解目前我国公共与效率两种价值取向的矛盾与冲突,解决高等教育公平问题的一剂良方。     

提高遗传学教学效果的改革与实践

在教学时数压缩、生源构成复杂的新形势下,以细菌和病毒的遗传为例,总结了提高遗传学教学效果的课程改革方法：精选朱军《遗传学（第二版）》教材作为组织教学的蓝本,进行系统的知识体系调整与整合,对教学难点进行、巧妙设计,整体教学内容做到概念明确,重点突出,由浅入深,前后呼应,力争用简单的语言、明晰的逻辑关系展开遗传学教学。     

从盖恩斯《刑前一课》看小说视点与叙事层面的建构

盖恩斯在《刑前一课》里从零视点与悬念的建构、外视点与悖论的建构、内视点与意识流、多视点聚焦与立体感等方面来研究小说视点与叙事层面的相互关联。他从零视点的角度建构人称悬念、瞬间悬念和期待性悬念,从外视点的角度设置了主题悖论、言辞悖论和语境悖论。为了克服零视点和外视点描述的单调性和乏味性,盖恩斯把内视点与意识流进行了有机结合,从触景生情式意识流、内心独白式意识流和交织式意识流等方面探究人物心理与社会环境的内在关联。他还在人物评述和场景氛围等方面采用了多视点策略,从多层次和多侧面的角度来聚焦于具体的人物、物件或场景,构建了叙事层面的立体感,拓展了现代黑人小说创作的美学认知空间。     

Parenting in the Context of Deportation Risk

Nearly 5.1 million children younger than age 18 live with at least one undocumented parent, about 7% of the U.S. child population. Between 2010 and 2013, an estimated 300,000 parents of U.S. citizen children were deported. Raising children in the context of deportation risk increases overall parenting stress for undocumented Latino parents. To investigate this and understand the experience of undocumented parenting, the authors interviewed 70 undocumented parents in two Southwest cities from 2012 to 2013. The authors frame their analysis using the lens of the problem of “illegality.” There are three domains of stressors associated with parenting in the context of deportation risk: trapped parenting, threat of family separation, and altered family processes. The authors discuss these findings in the context of the literature on undocumented families and parenting stress and connect these findings to the current sociopolitical context experienced by Latino families in the United States .     

Two-step estimation for inhomogeneous spatial point processes

Summary.  The paper is concerned with parameter estimation for inhomogeneous spatial point processes with a regression model for the intensity function and tractable second-order properties ( K -function). Regression parameters are estimated by using a Poisson likelihood score estimating function and in the second step minimum contrast estimation is applied for the residual clustering parameters. Asymptotic normality of parameter estimates is established under certain mixing conditions and we exemplify how the results may be applied in ecological studies of rainforests.     

ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN AIR POLLUTION AND HOSPITAL VISITS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN THE ELDERLY IN SYDNEY USING BAYESIAN STATISTICAL METHODS

Using generalized linear models (GLMs), Jalaludin  et al. (2006;  J. Exposure Analysis and Epidemiology   16 , 225–237) studied the association between the daily number of visits to emergency departments for cardiovascular disease by the elderly (65+) and five measures of ambient air pollution. Bayesian methods provide an alternative approach to classical time series modelling and are starting to be more widely used. This paper considers Bayesian methods using the dataset used by Jalaludin  et al.  (2006) , and compares the results from Bayesian methods with those obtained by Jalaludin  et al.  (2006) using GLM methods.     

模糊语义研究方法论纲

研究模糊语义必须以查德的“模糊集”理论作指导．运用现代语言学和现代语义学以及相关学科的研究成果来进行研究。这样也就使得研究方法具有多角度、多层次的特点,从而形成一个方法论系统：从整体方法上看,可实行宏观研究与微观分析相结合、定性研究与定量描述相结合、一般规律研究与特殊规律研究相结合的方法;从具体方法上看,应该注重模糊语义学的“综合性的边缘学科”属性,强调不同学科之间的渗透,融合各相关学科的理论和知识,来对模糊语义展开全面而深入的研究。     

Posterior Analysis for Normalized Random Measures with Independent Increments

Abstract.  One of the main research areas in Bayesian Nonparametrics is the proposal and study of priors which generalize the Dirichlet process. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive Bayesian non-parametric analysis of random probabilities which are obtained by normalizing random measures with independent increments (NRMI). Special cases of these priors have already shown to be useful for statistical applications such as mixture models and species sampling problems. However, in order to fully exploit these priors, the derivation of the posterior distribution of NRMIs is crucial: here we achieve this goal and, indeed, provide explicit and tractable expressions suitable for practical implementation. The posterior distribution of an NRMI turns out to be a mixture with respect to the distribution of a specific latent variable. The analysis is completed by the derivation of the corresponding predictive distributions and by a thorough investigation of the marginal structure. These results allow to derive a generalized Blackwell–MacQueen sampling scheme, which is then adapted to cover also mixture models driven by general NRMIs.     

唯物史观理论体系逻辑起点问题研究综述

逻辑起点问题是重构唯物史观理论体系的首要问题。二十多年来,我国哲学界关于唯物史观理论体系逻辑起点的争论是很有意义的。在这场评论中,主要的观点有：以自然人,以“现实的人”,以物质生产活动或劳动,以实践,以社会存在、社会物质条件,以社会存在与社会意识的关系,以社会基本矛盾,以“现实的人”和劳动二位一体,以现实的人、人的需要（包括种的繁殖需要）、劳动三位一体和以需要与物质利益为逻辑起点。马克思主义重点建设工程及马克思主义哲学教科书应该吸收这场学术争鸣的积极成果,以推进马克思主义哲学理论体系的重构工作。     

Is the Study of Happiness a Worthy Scientific Pursuit?

This paper critiques the view that the study of happiness is not a worthy scientific pursuit. The happiness set point and hedonic treadmill theories denote the complexity of increasing happiness levels due to genetic limitations and adaptation, however, there is mounting evidence to suggest that with the use of appropriate measures and specific interventions aimed at fostering strengths and virtues, happiness can be increased. Furthermore, the benefits of investigating methods for increasing happiness include improvements in physical, psychological and social health and well-being. It is concluded that approaching human needs from a top down or holistic standpoint where individuals can use their strengths to overcome life’s challenges, is beneficial to health and well-being. Hence, the study of happiness is a worthy scientific pursuit.