Notes on testing carry-over effects in continuous data under an incomplete block crossover design

We consider hypothesis testing and estimation of carry-over effects in continuous data under an incomplete block crossover design when comparing two experimental treatments with a placebo. We develop procedures for testing differential carry-over effects based on the weighted-least-squares (WLS) method. We apply Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the performance of these test procedures in a variety of situations. We use the data regarding the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁) readings taken from a double-blind crossover trial comparing two different doses of formoterol with a placebo to illustrate the use of test procedures proposed here.     

Exploitation aversion: When financial incentives fail to motivate agents

Studies of the principal-agent relationship find that monetary incentives work in many instances but that they can also backfire. Various mechanisms for this failure have been examined (e.g., intrinsic motivation, image concerns). We posit that an aversion to being exploited, i.e., being used instrumentally for another’s benefit, can also cause incentives to fail. Using an experiment we find that compliance is lower for exploitative principals compared to neutral ones despite using the same contracts. To corroborate our results we show that surveyed “exploitation aversion” mediates this effect. Our results have implications for the design and implementation of incentives within organizations.     

文化软实力视野中的“礼义之邦”国家形象

"礼义之邦"的国家形象是中国古代文化软实力的核心符号与重要象征。礼义之邦国家形象的树立经历了漫长的过程,有着共同的价值选择和信仰基础。这一称号是在中国与其他周边国家之间的关系确立、认定中获得的。礼义之邦国家形象经由历代思想家、政治家和普通民众共同维护与完善。     

资本外逃的成因:文献评述及政策含义

国外理论界对于资本外逃成因诠释的文献,主要有资产组合理论、人力资本理论、政党轮流执政理论、公共地悲剧理论和政治风险理论,这些理论从不同角度诠释了资本外逃产生的原因及其内在机制,从一个侧面体现了经济学研究的方法论,从早期的文字阐述到模型的构建,从早期的假说、推测到近期的计量分析验证的演进轨迹。     

气候资源的权力与权利：基于公共财产属性的构造

气候资源不是《宪法》、《物权法》上明确列举的国家所有权客体,也不具有权利客体的特征。气候资源与国家所有权客体在权利归属、表现形态、使用方式、存在目的上存在较大差异,乃是一种公共财产。基于公共信托理论,国家是公共财产的受托人,对气候资源行使诸如气候资源规划权、保护区设立权、纠纷裁决权及开发利用行政许可权等管理权。因为气候资源不是国家所有权客体,源自气候资源国家管理权的民事主体对气候资源开发利用的权利乃是特许物权。气候资源特许物权具有公私兼容的性质,既具有公法性,又具有私法性。     

论案例指导制度中检察机关的职能定位

从法理上分析,检察机关介入案例指导程序,是其审判监督权的必然延伸。并不必然对司法独立构成侵害,相反,它有利于司法机关更好地发挥案例指导制度的作用。在当前我国司法体制下,检察机关介入案例指导程序,行使其司法监督权的途径主要包括参与最高人民法院关于指导性案例的讨论、对指导性案例评选活动是否公正、合法实行法律监督以及对法官运用指导性案例的行为进行监督等。     

对“资本主义”的两种不同规定——在马克思与布罗代尔之间

布罗代尔认为马克思对“资本主义”的含义一无所知。他用“资本主义”一词来确指不同于“物质生活”和“市场经济”并在它们之上的领域。他提出了关于“资本主义”的三层分立解释模式。但实际上,马克思对“资本主义”有其恢弘的论述。他从社会形态演进和内部要素矛盾冲突、对立统一的路径展开了对“资本主义”的解构之路,形成了其独特的“资本主义”解释模式。     

权力·文化传统·外乡人——历史长篇小说《阴山殇》的文化解读

草原实力派作家孟和撰写的历史题材长篇小说《阴山殇》以乌拉特西公旗草原的历史、社会和自然为背景,以权力、暴力、欲望为叙述主线,通过塑造不同阶层人物形象,反映了权力、道德、社会秩序的崩溃以及战乱带来的灾难与恐惧。     

Power and perceptions in participatory monitoring and evaluation

This paper examines the assumptions that commonly underpin the design of participatory monitoring and evaluation (PM&E) within development programmes through the examination of a case study of a large rural development programme in Uganda. This case study reveals a mismatch between programme assumptions and participant perceptions, which stymied the implementation of PM&E. In this case, PM&E was based on the assumptions that programme and participant goals were compatible, participants were willing to volunteer and engage themselves for the greater good of their communities, and information sharing and communication was fairly free and open. However, farmers within the programme felt that the bureaucratic and accountability requirements of the programme were not their concern, and were acutely aware of power differences between farmers and programme officials, and between farmers of varying status. The key lesson to be drawn from this case is the need for a heightened awareness of power dynamics and political factors in the design of PM&E.