价格上限下的高峰负荷电价效率比较研究

电价改革是电力市场化改革的核心,合理的电价应是电价水平和电价结构的有机结合。对不同价格上限形式下高峰负荷电价效率的比较分析表明,价格上限管制具有财务收支平衡的效应。与绝对价格上限管制相比,相对价格上限管制更具有优越性,在相对价格上限管制条件下制定的高峰负荷电价趋向于拉姆塞价格,能使社会福利尽可能最大化。同时,对于相对价格上限管制来说,无论是采用拉氏物价指数还是帕氏物价指数,管制所起的效率是完全相同的。     

基于效用函数和消费数据的动态价格指数测度

 本文针对现有CPI的缺点,在微观效用理论的基础上,引入了动态价格指数(DPI)的概念,并利用Epstein-Zin效用函数简化了Reis(2005)关于DPI的编制过程,同时,利用2000年12月－2010年12月间的样本数据,对我国的DPI进行编制。研究表明,DPI在衡量消费者当前和未来的真实生活成本变化方面更具有优势,应成为衡量居民福利变化和政策制定者制定政策的重要参考指标。     

Demand Functions in Decision Modeling: A Comprehensive Survey and Research Directions

A variety of mathematical forms have been developed to characterize demand functions which depend on a firm's operational and marketing activities. Such demand functions are being increasingly used by researchers in economics and different functional areas of business. We provide a comprehensive survey of commonly used demand models which depend on (i) price, (ii) rebate, (iii) lead time, (iv) space, (v) quality, and (vi) advertising. Our survey includes single firm–demand models in each category, as well as game theoretic multifirm models involving strategic interaction among the firms. We observe that certain types of functional forms, such as linear, power/iso‐elastic, multinomial logit, and multiplicative competitive interaction, have been widely used to construct various demand models in all six categories, but that a large majority of publications deal with categories (i) and (v) of demand models. For each of the six categories, we survey relevant functional forms in the representative papers, and discuss the main properties, the advantages, the disadvantages, and comment on possible future research directions. We also present discussions of the applications of these analytical demand models in empirical studies. The article ends with a summary of our major findings.     

An EOQ model with deteriorating items in response to a temporary sale price

In economic order quantity models, it is often assumed that the unit purchase cost is constant. Such an assumption is usually not fulfilled in many practical situations. In practice, it is observed that suppliers sometimes offer temporary price discounts to stimulate demand, boost market share or decrease inventories of certain items. In this paper, a deteriorating inventory model with a temporary sale price has been developed. We shall be concerned with finding the optimal total cost saving for deteriorating items during the special replenishment period. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the proposed model.     

信息技术对价格信息不对称的影响研究

信息技术降低了企业和客户获取信息的成本,从而对价格信息不对称产生影响。本文从客户搜索产品价格信息的角度,分别对四种市场进行分析,得出了在短期市场中,考虑IT影响时信息不对称降低、客户获得较低价格的结论;长期市场中,考虑IT影响时,信息不对称消失、市场演变为完全竞争市场的结论。最后,给出企业制定价格策略的建议。     

Pricing cloud services—the impact of broadband quality

In the last few years, adoption of cloud computing has shown a marked increase across the world. Moreover, the smaller markets, viz., Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle-East, etc., are expected to grow at more than the average rate for the next few years. While this is good news for cloud service providers, significant obstacles to cloud adoption still remain a major cause of concern, for example, the quality of broadband services. As the quality of broadband services is not uniform across the different geographies, pricing of cloud services must take this non-uniformity into account. This paper provides managerial guidelines for cloud service providers on pricing their offerings. We develop optimal pricing strategies for a typical cloud service provider by modeling the utility of a customer of cloud services as a function of two vectors. The first vector is a set of parameters which contribute positively to the utility of a customer, and the second vector is a set of parameters which have a negative effect on the utility. We explore two pricing plans: usage based and fixed fee plan; determine the conditions under which customers would select one plan over another, and discuss the significance of these conditions for cloud service providers.     

中国各地区人口特征和房价波动的动态关系

本文分析了人口特征、金融市场和房地产市场三者的相互影响机制，基于2002-2015年中国大陆31个省市自治区直辖市的年度数据，建立了面板平滑转换模型，将人口密度作为异质变量构建计量模型来研究房地产市场的非线性影响因素，研究中国省市人口特征对房价波动的影响机制。实证结果表明：人均GDP对房价的影响随人口密度增加呈现非线性提升效应；人口密度小的城市房地产价格上涨比人口密度大的城市更像是“货币现象”；当人口密度较小时，地区中老年人口占比越大，房价有下降趋势，反映了房地产“年轻人推动房价上涨”的直观趋势，但是极少人口密度比较大城市例外。     

我国股指期货价格发现功能研究

本文基于沪深300股指期货5分钟高频数据,利用协整检验、误差修正模型和脉冲响应函数研究了我国股指期货长短期的价格发现机制,并用信息共享模型、共因子模型研究了我国股指期货市场的价格发现贡献程度,在此基础上,引入分位数回归,探讨不同涨跌幅度的期现关系。实证结果表明：我国指数期货和现货价格存在相互引导关系,而现阶段现货市场能更快反应全部市场的冲击,且现货市场在价格发现功能中的作用相对较大;随着涨跌幅度的变化,现货对期货的影响呈U型走势,而期货对现货的影响呈单边上升走势。     

基于账户参考利率的FISIM对GDP与收入分配的影响研究

本文从使用者成本的角度解析参考利率，并根据2008年SNA构建用于中国FISIM核算的账户参考利率，利用实际数据核算并分摊现价FISIM总产出；借鉴联合国国民经济核算工作组关于FISIM价格指数的思想，结合中国存贷款特点，构建存贷款服务价格指数，并缩减现价FISIM。最后，分析现价 FISIM对 GDP与收入分配的影响，并探究不变价FISIM对实际GDP的影响。综观核算与分析结果，住户部门分摊的FISIM与净出口分摊的FISIM，会增加GDP。各机构部门的初次分配总收入、可支配总收入也因增加值、财产收入及经常转移等的变化而相应变化。不变价FISIM对经济增长波动率的影响大于其对经济增长率的影响。     

Economic efficiency when prices are not fixed: disentangling quantity and price efficiency

This paper proposes an approach to compute cost efficiency in contexts where units can adjust input quantities and to some degree prices so that through their joint determination they can minimise the aggregate cost of the outputs they secure. The model developed is based on the data envelopment analysis (DEA) framework and can accommodate situations where the degree of influence over prices ranges from minimal to considerable. When units cannot influence prices at all the model proposed reduces to the standard cost efficiency DEA model for the case where prices are taken as exogenous. In addition to the cost efficiency model, we introduce an additive decomposition of potential cost savings into a quantity and a price component, based on Bennet indicators.