基于账户参考利率的FISIM对GDP与收入分配的影响研究

本文从使用者成本的角度解析参考利率，并根据2008年SNA构建用于中国FISIM核算的账户参考利率，利用实际数据核算并分摊现价FISIM总产出；借鉴联合国国民经济核算工作组关于FISIM价格指数的思想，结合中国存贷款特点，构建存贷款服务价格指数，并缩减现价FISIM。最后，分析现价 FISIM对 GDP与收入分配的影响，并探究不变价FISIM对实际GDP的影响。综观核算与分析结果，住户部门分摊的FISIM与净出口分摊的FISIM，会增加GDP。各机构部门的初次分配总收入、可支配总收入也因增加值、财产收入及经常转移等的变化而相应变化。不变价FISIM对经济增长波动率的影响大于其对经济增长率的影响。     

Economic efficiency when prices are not fixed: disentangling quantity and price efficiency

This paper proposes an approach to compute cost efficiency in contexts where units can adjust input quantities and to some degree prices so that through their joint determination they can minimise the aggregate cost of the outputs they secure. The model developed is based on the data envelopment analysis (DEA) framework and can accommodate situations where the degree of influence over prices ranges from minimal to considerable. When units cannot influence prices at all the model proposed reduces to the standard cost efficiency DEA model for the case where prices are taken as exogenous. In addition to the cost efficiency model, we introduce an additive decomposition of potential cost savings into a quantity and a price component, based on Bennet indicators.     

Is a good deal always fair? Examining the concepts of transaction value and price fairness

Previous research has shown that if consumers are aware that they are paying more than another customer for a similar transaction, then they may perceive the price to be unfair. A concept closely related to fairness is transaction value, defined as consumers’ perceptions of the psychological satisfaction or pleasure from taking advantage of a price deal. In this research, we conceptualize that although consumers’ perceptions of price fairness and transaction value share many similarities, nevertheless there are also important differences. Using three studies, we empirically examine these differences. We show that although a “bad deal” is typically perceived to be an unfair price, a “good deal” is not necessarily perceived to be the fairest price.     

Effectiveness of trade-ins and price discounts: A moderating role of substitutability

This paper investigates the effects of price discounts and trade-ins on the probability of replacement purchase. Based on economic and psychological criteria, the authors propose that the effectiveness of these two promotional tools is contingent on the extent to which the new product can substitute for the old one. Study 1 demonstrated that at a “high” substitutability level, trade-ins were more effective than price discounts. However, this effect was mitigated when the substitutability level decreased. Study 2 showed that at a “low” substitutability level, trade-ins were inferior to the no-promotion condition. Using a different product and a real purchase situation, Study 3 provided more evidence that the effectiveness of trade-ins and price discounts was contingent on the level of substitutability between the product owned and the one that was going to be purchased. Study 3 also provided evidence for the potential mechanism for the observed effects. Theoretical contributions and marketing implications are discussed.     

Branch‐and‐Price Methods for Prescribing Profitable Upgrades of High‐Technology Products with Stochastic Demands*

This paper develops a model that can be used as a decision support aid, helping manufacturers make profitable decisions in upgrading the features of a family of high‐technology products over its life cycle. The model integrates various organizations in the enterprise: product design, marketing, manufacturing, production planning, and supply chain management. Customer demand is assumed random and this uncertainty is addressed using scenario analysis. A branch‐and‐price (B&P) solution approach is devised to optimize the stochastic problem effectively. Sets of random instances are generated to evaluate the effectiveness of our solution approach in comparison with that of commercial software on the basis of run time. Computational results indicate that our approach outperforms commercial software on all of our test problems and is capable of solving practical problems in reasonable run time. We present several examples to demonstrate how managers can use our models to answer “what if” questions.     

我国货币供应与经济增长及物价水平关系研究

 本文采用协整、向量误差模型以及脉冲响应和方差分解的方法对中国货币供应、物价水平与经济增长的关系进行实证研究。研究表明,物价水平在长期中对经济增长的负影响明显,在短期内,也存在负面影响,但影响方向不明显;短期内物价水平与货币供应量之间相互影响,互相促进。货币供应对经济增长的影响具有促进效应,长期内货币非中性。此外,向量误差模型也表明经济增长、货币供应和物价水平都受到自身滞后期的影响,经济发展具有长期且趋于稳定的特性。     

国际油价向中国通货膨胀的传递及其影响因素研究

 本文深入分析了1992年以来国际油价向中国通货膨胀传递的特征,发现它是一个时变过程,且这个过程在1998年前后有一个明显的结构突变。通过结合1992年以来与油价有关的事件以及国家几次大的宏观经济政策的调整进行分析,本文探讨并实证检验了可能对国际油价传递产生影响的因素。文章最后给出了相关的结论和政策建议,以期给政策制定者们一些有益的参考。     

准确反映房地产价格水平的难点与对策研究

 房地产是一种有别于日常消费品的特殊商品：从经济形态看,既具有投资属性又具有消费属性;从物质形态看,具有固定性、耐久性和唯一性。房地产价格作为房地产经济运行中重要、敏感的市场信号,其价格水平及波动越来越受到社会各界的高度关注。但由于影响房地产价格水平的因素多而复杂,准确反映房地产价格水平及其变化的工作在全球范围都面临着严峻的挑战,我国也不例外。 基于不同类型商品价格指数必须遵从共同的基本规律和要求,以及房价问题的社会关注度和敏感性,本文在理清当前我国房地产价格统计工作现状并分析所存在难点及问题的基础上,重点探讨准确反映新建商品房销售价格水平的思路,提出进一步改革和完善我国房地产价格统计制度和方法、改进房地产价格统计各环节的工作和规范房地产价格信息发布,以更加准确地反映房地产价格水平及其波动的对策和可行性建议。     

国际国内市场原油及成品油价格关系分析

根据中国加入WTO的承诺,中国成品油市场将在2006年底之前全面开放。面对激烈的竞争,对国内原油成品油价格与国际原油成品油价格进行对比分析是非常有意义的。文章通过互相关性分析和对数回归分析揭示了国内和国际两个市场的差异和原因。当前成品油和原油价格体制改革的关键是尽快深化原油价格定价机制的改革。