Optimal price,warranty length and production rate for free replacement policy in the static demand market

In the present paper, a decision model is developed for producers in the static demand market to determine the optimal price, warranty length and production rate of a product to maximize profit based on the pre-determined life cycle. The free renewal warranty policy is considered under which failed products are renewed before the end of warranty length at no cost to consumers. The expected number of renewals based on warranty length is derived for Weibull life distributed products. The objective function includes both demand and cost functions, where production cost, warranty cost and inventory cost are involved. A solution approach using the maximum principle is described, and is applied to two specific cases of markets. The first case of market considers positive discount rate, and the second case of market considers zero discount rate. The economic sensitivity analysis is conducted to evaluate the effect of model parameters on the optimal solution. Some conclusions are drawn based on the sensitivity analysis.     

股权结构对新股价格影响的实证研究

本文以股权结构与公司价值的基本理论和信号传递理论为基础提出了以股权结构来判断新股发行定价和上市首日市场定位合理性的观点,并通过实证分析对我国新股价格对公司内在价值反映的程度进行了检验,认为新股价格反映公司内在价值的观点是值得怀疑的,并揭示了深层次原因。     

价格促销对品牌资产的影响:竞争反应的高地作用

在价格促销对品牌资产的影响方面,学者们并没有形成共识,原因之一是学者们忽视了竞争者的反应行为,本文旨在探讨竞争反应对这种影响关系的调节作用。本文通过2(品牌资产梯队)×8(竞争反应)的实验设计研究表明,对不同品牌资产梯队的品牌,价格促销对品牌资产的影响存在差异;竞争反应对这种影响关系具有调节作用;竞争对手的影响主要来自同梯队品牌,相反梯队品牌的影响不显著。本文对深入了解价格促销对品牌资产的影响具有重要意义。     

城市污水处理项目特许经营定价方法研究

城市污水处理项目特许经营要求项目必须通过向最终消费者收费来收回投资,因此,污水处理服务价格确定是特许权经营的核心要素。本文通过对城市污水处理特许经营的目标分析,提出了污水处理特许经营价格确定原则;运用微观经济学的相关原理,对边际成本定价、平均成本定价、两部制定价进行了比较分析,指出两部制定价方法是符合有效定价原则的可行方法。     

Gasoline Cost and Hedonic Price Indexes of U.S. Used Cars for 1970–1983 A Note

Hedonic price indexes are estimated for U.S. used passenger cars for 1970–1983. A few notions of indexes that differ in the treatments of the expected present value of gasoline cost for driving a car over its remaining life are considered. Their relationships are obtained theoretically and examined empirically. Our indexes also are compared with the Consumer Price Index.     

Time-varying autoregressive conditional duration model

The main goal of this work is to generalize the autoregressive conditional duration (ACD) model applied to times between trades to the case of time-varying parameters. The use of wavelets allows that parameters vary through time and makes possible the modeling of non-stationary processes without preliminary data transformations. The time-varying ACD model estimation was done by maximum-likelihood with standard exponential distributed errors. The properties of the estimators were assessed via bootstrap. We present a simulation exercise for a non-stationary process and an empirical application to a real series, namely the TELEMAR stock. Diagnostic and goodness of fit analysis suggest that the time-varying ACD model simultaneously modeled the dependence between durations, intra-day seasonality and volatility.     

An integrated supplier-buyer model for improving supply chain coordination

This study develops a decision support model that can be used by a supplier in making production and price decisions at contract renewal times in a supply chain environment. The supplier first makes aggregate production decisions with a special attempt to estimate buyer commitments, and then determines the price of the item so as to satisfy his own profit and buyer cost reduction expectations simultaneously. Mathematical programming models are designed to achieve these in accordance with the contract terms. The main emphasis is placed upon the conceptual and negotiation aspects of the models, and some solution procedures are cited from previous studies. Then the approach is implemented in the biggest electric motor manufacturer in Turkey which has a large number of buyers in household appliances sector, and it is shown to be a useful tool for developing fair partnership.     

中国房地产市场价格卡特尔的反垄断法规制——以价格领导行为为例证的分析

中国房地产市场上不断攀升的房价,极大地损害了消费者福利和社会整体利益。文章从经济学视角详细论述了中国房地产市场结构,以及由此产生的特定价格竞争行为。并以其中的价格领导行为为例证,从竞争法的视角指出其本质是房地产市场上一种以协同行为形式出现的价格卡特尔,并仔细分析其构成要件和具体要素,必须以反垄断法对其进行规制。这也是从反垄断法路径提出的平抑房价的可能性方案。     

复杂不确定环境下活动可拆分的项目资源鲁棒性调度优化

复杂不确定环境下,制定一个具有较强抗干扰能力的基准进度计划非常必要。本文研究了活动工期不确定环境下考虑活动可拆分的项目资源鲁棒性调度优化问题,旨在考虑活动可拆分,探究在活动优先关系约束、项目截止日期约束、活动拆分约束、资源流约束等条件下如何进行活动拆分决策并合理地安排各个项目活动/活动分段间的资源调配方案和时间缓冲添加策略,以制定鲁棒性最大化的基准进度计划。本文创新点如下：1)在项目资源鲁棒性调度优化问题中考虑活动可拆分,定义了资源流网络下活动自由时差的计算方法,提出了一种新的活动可拆分情形下进度计划鲁棒性的衡量方式,进而构建得到了考虑活动可拆分的项目资源鲁棒性调度优化模型;2)分析证明了问题模型的强NP-hard属性以及非线性属性,并在此基础上开发了一种内嵌资源调度安排的遗传算法进行问题求解;3)选取一个典型的实际案例对研究问题进行说明,直观展示了活动拆分执行对进度计划鲁棒性提升的重要价值,揭示了鲁棒性调度计划中资源调度方案的重要性,得到了活动拆分执行会增加项目内部资源转移次数的结论。