浅谈张学良的军队教育理念

张学良的政治生涯始终与军人紧密地联系在一起.纵观张学良的戎马军旅生涯,他对提高军队战斗力、改善军队素质、造就军事人才有着独特的教育理念和实践.在军事技术教育方面,张学良强调要训练精兵强将;在军队政治思想教育方面,张学良强调要为民族争生存;在军纪风纪教育方面,张学良强调要造就文明之军人;在军队文化教育方面,张学良强调要培养有文化的士兵.张学良的军队教育理念是其爱国主义思想的重要组成部分,深刻地诠释着他抵御外侮、强国富民、抗日救亡、复兴民族的爱国主义思想.     

An omnibus two-sample test for ranked-set sampling data

We develop an omnibus two-sample test for ranked-set sampling (RSS) data. The test statistic is the conditional probability of seeing the observed sequence of ranks in the combined sample, given the observed sequences within the separate samples. We compare the test to existing tests under perfect rankings, finding that it can outperform existing tests in terms of power, particularly when the set size is large. The test does not maintain its level under imperfect rankings. However, one can create a permutation version of the test that is comparable in power to the basic test under perfect rankings and also maintains its level under imperfect rankings. Both tests extend naturally to judgment post-stratification, unbalanced RSS, and even RSS with multiple set sizes. Interestingly, the tests have no simple random sampling analog.     

A critical approach to wage devaluation: The case of Spanish economic recovery

In line with the orientation of EU economic policy, the Spanish government has favoured a strategy of internal devaluation as a way of adjusting price levels within the currency union. The results of empirical studies indicate that the internal devaluation applied in Spain does not seem to have attained the desired goals in terms of reducing the relative prices of exports and consolidating a model of growth based on external demand. Indeed, the estimates drawn up show that tailwinds – the depreciation of the euro and the fall in risk premium as results of the measures taken by the ECB, greater economic activity by trading partners and the fall in the price of oil – exercised a decisive influence in the trends followed by the prices of exports and the balance of trade during the period of crisis management in Spain.     

Reconsidering the philanthropic foundation minimum payout policy under a “new normal”

With the increasing salience of foundations in many policy fields, and recent changes in market conditions, policies towards foundations designed decades ago seem outdated. In this article we suggest reassessing foundation payout minimums. To examine the impact of payout rates on grantmaking foundations lifespan and performance under “new normal” economics, we simulate multiple foundations lifecycles using Monte Carlo methods in diverse capital market conditions, with varied investment and payout strategies.We find that while under past market regime perpetuity seems to be a given, under more probable future scenarios, foundations might face increasingly early mortality and endowment depletion, limiting their potential impact. Furthermore, lower payout rates allow for higher lifetime grantmaking, higher mean annual grantmaking, and lower giving volatility. Accordingly, we suggest a tiered payout policy, in line with foundations’ missions and proper financial planning.     

How much is too much: Does the size of income support transfers affect labor supply?

Cash transfer programs pursue mainly protective objectives, but can also impact rural livelihoods by inducing investments in productive activities and changing household labor allocation. We adopt a continuous treatment approach to quantify how households’ labor supply responds to transfer size. We find a shift from paid labor to own farm labor and find that the transfer size is well within a level that would have disincentive effects on time spent on own farm activities. The switch from paid to own farm labor occurs at lower levels of transfers for labor-constrained households, and at higher levels for non-labor constrained households.     

在现实主义和现代主义的视野里寻求和谐生存之道——论D·H·劳伦斯的《儿子与情人》

D.H.劳伦斯在小说《儿子与情人》中,通过批判现实主义手法描述了主人公保罗的爱情悲剧和家庭悲剧,揭示了英国工业文明对自然环境及人类和谐生存状态的破坏。同时,作为一个现代主义作家,劳伦斯探索了人的潜意识及如何在现代文明中构建和谐生存之道。劳伦斯认为,人类只有与自然界保持和谐的关系、重建两性之间和谐、自然的关系,才能克服现代文明社会带来的弊端,实现生存状态的和谐。劳伦斯对人类生存困境的探索不仅为同时代人提供了获得救赎的全新思路,在当今呼唤和谐社会的时代,仍为我们提供了有益的借鉴。     

傣泰民族起源与傣泰民族文化圈的形成新探

中国古代不存在一个可成其为民族的越人族体,泰人也不是越人演变而来的,傣泰民族在汉代以前的历史的追溯已无意义。傣泰民族可追溯的源流在汉代云南滇中,并随后向南迁移到今天的云南南部及东南亚一带。由于傣泰民族在长期的历史迁移与发展中保持了水稻种植、“勐-阪”制度与文化的复制模式,使傣泰民族的先民们能在长期的迁移过程中定居并壮大起来,从而在今天形成了一个傣泰民族居住的文化圈。傣泰民族文化圈是一个文化地理概念,基于共同的民族渊源关系,人们互相理解、宽容、合作、开展社会与经济的交流,共同促进民族与文化的发展,是当代理解傣泰民族文化的新思维。     

20世纪英国离婚法变迁及其发展趋势探析

20世纪后半期以来人类社会的婚姻制度和家庭模式遭遇了前所未有的危机,全球掀起离婚浪潮,在欧洲以英国最为典型。20世纪英国离婚法实现了从有限离婚主义到离婚自由主义的转变。然而日益增长的离婚率,离婚后时代单亲家庭队伍的不断壮大,已经成为严重困扰英国社会健康发展的社会问题。面对离婚自由主义带来的汹涌的离婚风潮,英国立法机关也在不断调整和完善离婚法为重建婚姻和家庭做出新的努力。站在婚姻家庭法的视角,对一个世纪以来的英国离婚法变革进行梳理,从中深层剖析离婚法改革对婚姻制度带来的冲击及其发展趋势,以期为我国婚姻和离婚现状的研究提供有益借鉴。     

朱光潜美学历程论

文章把朱光潜的美学思想纳入他成长发展的历史线索中做了系统的解读,努力探索朱光潜美学对中西美学思想的接受史,并由此展开朱光潜美学发展的内在逻辑。一般论述朱光潜美学发展历程的著作,都将之分为建国前和建国后两个大阶段。文章提出了关于朱光潜的"前美学时期"(1897—1925)、"美学时期"(1926—1935)、"美学实践时期"(1936—1948)和"美学批判时期"(1949—1986)四阶段分期法。这个分期法既考虑到20世纪前后中国社会性质的变化对朱光潜美学的影响,更注重朱光潜美学历程的内在阶段性变异的揭示。     

《白孔雀》——劳伦斯哲学探索的起点

劳伦斯的哲学思想贯穿在他的所有作品中,他的第一部小说《白孔雀》则是他以文学的形式探索哲学的起点.他的宇宙观是:宇宙是以对立物而存在的.他在《白孔雀》里着重探讨了理性与直觉、肉体与精神、自然与文明的对立关系.正是这部作品为他今后的创作奠定了基础.