Neighborhood Norms,Disadvantage, and Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration

Most theoretical treatments of intimate partner violence (IPV) focus on individual‐level processes. More recently, scholars have begun to examine the role of macrolevel factors. Results of that research indicate that social ties facilitate the diffusion of cultural norms—including tolerance of deviance/violence—across neighborhoods. Yet the influence of the neighborhood normative climate extends beyond norms regarding the use of violence, shaping cultural understanding about dating and the opposite sex. Using data from the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (TARS), the current investigation examines the multilevel association between dating norms and IPV perpetration among a large, diverse sample of adolescents and young adults. Results indicate that individuals’ liberal dating attitudes are associated with IPV perpetration. Furthermore, this effect varies across levels of neighborhood disadvantage.     

Comparing Objective and Subjective Bayes Factors for the Two-Sample Comparison: The Classification Theorem in Action

Many Bayes factors have been proposed for comparing population means in two-sample (independent samples) studies. Recently, Wang and Liu presented an “objective” Bayes factor (BF) as an alternative to a “subjective” one presented by Gönen et al. Their report was evidently intended to show the superiority of their BF based on “undesirable behavior” of the latter. A wonderful aspect of Bayesian models is that they provide an opportunity to “lay all cards on the table.” What distinguishes the various BFs in the two-sample problem is the choice of priors (cards) for the model parameters. This article discusses desiderata of BFs that have been proposed, and proposes a new criterion to compare BFs, no matter whether subjectively or objectively determined. A BF may be preferred if it correctly classifies the data as coming from the correct model most often. The criterion is based on a famous result in classification theory to minimize the total probability of misclassification. This criterion is objective, easily verified by simulation, shows clearly the effects (positive or negative) of assuming particular priors, provides new insights into the appropriateness of BFs in general, and provides a new answer to the question, “Which BF is best?”     

双重异质信念下中国上市公司融资决策研究

投资者异质信念与投资者-管理者异质信念是我国资本市场的重要特征。本文在双重异质信念假设下,基于我国上市公司融资环境,建立融资决策模型,分析双重异质信念对我国上市公司股权债权融资选择的影响,得到结论:(1)卖空限制下,投资者异质信念越大,公司越倾向于股权融资;(2)投资者-管理者异质信念越小,公司越倾向于股权融资。以2005-2009年沪深A股再融资公司为样本,采用单变量分析和Probit多元回归方法,对模型结论进行实证检验,实证结果支持模型结论,并从双重异质信念的视角对我国资本市场融资异象进行解释。     

Judgements about parenting: what do social workers think they are doing?

This paper describes a study that looks at interrelationships between social workers' beliefs about the important elements of parenting to ensure a child's well‐being and their perceptions about what underpins their decision‐making about child care and protection. Q methodology is used to explore the range of views of a group of Scottish social workers. Eight different strands of opinion were revealed, three of which will be discussed in detail. They indicate that there is broad consistency of opinion within factors. That is, there is a link between views about children's needs and decision‐making. However, the different factors also demonstrate that there are clusters of significantly different opinions about priorities in assessing parenting. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

当代大学生宗教信仰探析与引导

大学生宗教信仰教育是加强和改进大学生思想政治教育工作的重要内容。当前大学生信教的比例从绝对数来看已经不是少数,宗教与大学生的距离越来越近,宗教暧昧现象日益普遍。高校应坚持宗教与教育分离、宗教为社会主义现代化建设服务的原则,培养大学生的科学精神,切实加强对他们的心理健康教育。     

加强当代大学生理想信念教育的思考

理想信念是一个人确立正确的人生价值取向的决定性因素。因此,积极地引导当代大学生树立崇高的理想信念,乃是当前高校思想政治教育工作者的一项重要任务。这里,在深刻阐述理想信念内涵的基础上,针对当代大学生理想信念缺失的现状进行了分析,就加强大学生的理想信念教育的路径、方法和策略进行了探讨。     

浅析高校青年教师的政治信仰与育人影响力

高校青年教师的政治信仰会对青年学生产生很强的育人影响力,因此,坚定青年教师的政治信仰,成为加强高校青年教师思想政治工作的重要内容。必须对高校青年教师政治信仰的内涵释义,阐明高校青年教师政治信仰对育人影响力的作用,并对坚定高校青年教师的政治信仰的路径进行探索,为加强高校青年教师的思想政治工作、提升高校青年教师的政治素质作有意义的探究。     

论制度事件——一种观念嵌入过程的考察

文章从认知心理学社会学习理论的视角,尝试提出"制度事件"的概念,认为制度作为个体心智中关于行为规范的共享信念,是通过特定事件的媒介嵌入个体头脑,并在这种场景的再生中逐步强化的。制度生成是人们在制度事件中观察、思考、模仿等能动学习的结果,制度事件是制度生成的关键环节。作为政治家应该积极把握制度事件所提供的机遇,努力促进国家制度文明的跃进。     

On the use of local optimizations within Metropolis–Hastings updates

Summary.  We propose new Metropolis–Hastings algorithms for sampling from multimodal dis- tributions on ℜ ⁿ . Tjelmeland and Hegstad have obtained direct mode jumping proposals by optimization within Metropolis–Hastings updates and different proposals for 'forward' and 'backward' steps. We generalize their scheme by allowing the probability distribution for forward and backward kernels to depend on the current state. We use the new setting to combine mode jumping proposals and proposals from a prior approximation. We obtain that the frequency of proposals from the different proposal kernels is automatically adjusted to their quality. Mode jumping proposals include local optimizations. When combining this with a prior approximation it is tempting to use local optimization results not only for mode jumping proposals but also to improve the prior approximation. We show how this idea can be implemented. The resulting algorithm is adaptive but has a Markov structure. We evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms in two simulation examples.     

敦煌普贤信仰考论

普贤乃汉传佛教四大菩萨之一,普贤信仰在汉传佛教和藏传佛教中都占有重要地位。据敦煌地区发现的中古普贤文物文献,普贤变中普贤跏趺坐法与后世有所区别,《普贤菩萨说证明经》则不但识别有讹,且实际上包括了两种形成于不同时代、性质也有所不同的小经。敦煌地区的普贤信仰,与当时的民族组成、政治气候、民众文化水平、民间信仰等方面有着密切关系。经过了民族化、政治化、通俗化和信仰本土化后的敦煌普贤信仰,已然在一定程度上民间化,成为具有浓郁中土色彩的中国佛教信仰了。