敦煌普贤信仰考论

普贤乃汉传佛教四大菩萨之一,普贤信仰在汉传佛教和藏传佛教中都占有重要地位。据敦煌地区发现的中古普贤文物文献,普贤变中普贤跏趺坐法与后世有所区别,《普贤菩萨说证明经》则不但识别有讹,且实际上包括了两种形成于不同时代、性质也有所不同的小经。敦煌地区的普贤信仰,与当时的民族组成、政治气候、民众文化水平、民间信仰等方面有着密切关系。经过了民族化、政治化、通俗化和信仰本土化后的敦煌普贤信仰,已然在一定程度上民间化,成为具有浓郁中土色彩的中国佛教信仰了。     

论可持续发展战略与宏观调控

以"坚持以人为本,全面、协调、可持续发展观"为理论基础,通过可持续发展宏观调控国际比较研究及对中国之借鉴,阐述如何才能实现具有中国特色的可持续发展国家宏观控制。     

Is it a different world to when you were growing up? Generational effects on social representations and child‐rearing values*

In this paper, I explore the way in which people view how the world has changed since they were growing up. This is done both quantitatively and qualitatively, using open-ended responses from the British Household Panel Survey. The theoretical perspective draws on Mannheim's insight that generational location predisposes individuals to characteristic modes of thought and experience and Moscovici's contention that generations may have distinctive social representations. The data largely support the generational hypothesis. The ten most frequent changes mentioned are unemployment, lack of safety, lack of discipline, increased pressure, moral decline, increased crime, drugs, environmental problems, and family breakdown. These social representations of how the world has changed are significant predictors of child-rearing values, especially for women. More generally, I argue that despite the broad consensus concerning the problems facing children born today, the social representations of men and women who grew up in different epochs exacerbate the value clash between generations.     

湘西民间宗教信仰现状、问题及对策

对湘西民间宗教信仰的现状、存在的问题及解决问题的对策进行了探讨。     

古代亚欧大陆北部游牧民的宗教信仰

古代亚欧大陆北部游牧民普遍存在原始宗教信仰 ,后来祆教、摩尼教、佛教、景教、伊斯兰教等经游牧民传入和传出该地区 ,各种宗教在这里并存或交融相汇 ,此起彼伏 ,盛衰交替。     

大学生理想信念教育刍议

阐述了当前部分大学生中存在着理想信念上的困惑 ,指出面对新形势 ,大学生要自觉地树立共产主义的人生理想 ,而作为思想教育工作者也应当注重加强理想信念教育。同时阐述了理想教育应注意的几个问题     

Non-conjugate prior distribution assessment for multivariate normal sampling

Elicitation methods are proposed for quantifying expert opinion about a multivariate normal sampling model. The natural conjugate prior family imposes a relationship between the mean vector and the covariance matrix that can portray an expert's opinion poorly. Instead we assume that opinions about the mean and the covariance are independent and suggest innovative forms of question which enable the expert to quantify separately his or her opinion about each of these parameters. Prior opinion about the mean vector is modelled by a multivariate normal distribution and about the covariance matrix by both an inverse Wishart distribution and a generalized inverse-Wishart (GIW) distribution. To construct the latter, results are developed that give insight into the GIW parameters and their interrelationships. Certain of the elicitation methods exploit unconditional assessments as fully as possible, since these can reflect an expert's beliefs more accurately than conditional assessments. Methods are illustrated through an example.     

传统民间文化与新农村建设：以华北梨区庙会为例

华北中部的梨区曾经“村各有庙,庙各有会”。从勾龙传说、娘娘救刘秀的传说和九龙口传说等不同庙会解释文本的演化可知,仪式实践仍遵循传统的梨区庙会是以官、民为主体的多个异质性群体“共谋”的结果。在发展经济的民俗旅游乌托邦幻象的引诱下,这些共有的表述使得庙博物馆在当地的修建成为可能,也成为目的各异的官民共同努力的方向。在倡导“新农村”建设的今天,从民众的生活逻辑出发来理解传统民间文化,并给予其适当的生存空间乃新农村建设有机的、重要的一部分,只有根植于传统文化土壤的新农村才会有持久的活力。     

Not ‘women's burden’: how washing clothes and grinding corn became issues of social justice and development

Women's heavy and unequal responsibilities for care, long considered ordinary or insignificant by development workers as well as the wider public, are being reframed as issues of social justice through new methodologies for communities to analyse care work and advocate for change. Oxfam and local partners in the Philippines, Honduras, and Bangladesh are piloting two approaches. The first, Rapid Care-Analysis, uses focus groups to assess the local provision of care, identify problems, and propose solutions, reframing care as a compelling issue for both women and men. The second, the Household Care Survey, can be used to gather evidence to persuade governments and aid donors to invest in infrastructure to lessen the practical load of care work. This article shares the experience so far of evolving and piloting these innovative methods.