桂北民间伟人崇拜：现状、特点及其信仰价值——兼论伟人崇拜对和谐村镇创建的影响

通过对桂北民间4个村庄150名村民的调查访谈,探讨了村民崇拜伟人的初始动机和自我意识,分析了伟人崇拜作为一种民间信仰的性质和自觉的伟人情结、公正和谐的道德与人格操守等特点以及对和谐村镇建设的影响,提出了发挥作为民间信仰的伟人崇拜的动力、凝聚、文化、教化四大功能的对策和建议。     

非英语专业大一学生口语学习动机、观念和策略调查

本文调查了非英语专业大一学生在口语学习方面的动机、观念和策略。结果发现：研究对象具有强烈的动机,其中融入型动机在强度和广度上都大于工具型动机;研究对象持有较为积极和准确的观念,其中最为看重的是功能操练,最不为看重的是管理;但是,其强烈的动机和积极的观念并没有转化为实际的行动或策略;在策略中,研究对象最偏爱的是形式操练策略,最不喜欢的是功能操练策略。另外,笔者对动机与观念、动机与策略、观念与策略、动机与动机、观念与观念、策略与策略之间的关系也进行了分析。     

A Cross-Cultural Study of Attitudes Toward and Beliefs About,Male Homosexuality

This study attempted to compare British and Japanese people's beliefs about the etiolology, manifestations, and changes of male homosexuality. A total of 208 participants completed, in their native language, a three-part questionnaire consisting of 81 items, which covered etiological explanations of homosexuality, general attitudes toward the concept and practice of homosexuality, and efficacy of strategies to change homosexuality. It was hypothesized that Japanese would exhibit more negative beliefs about homosexuality than the British and would tend to favor sociological explanations as possible etiological factors whereas British would prefer biological explanatory models. The Japanese were more unfavorable toward homosexuality, showing more reluctance in contact with homosexuals. However, while British supported biological models, Japanese' attitudes ranged widely from social, biological, to cognitive accounts. Implications for approaches to overcome social stigma in the Japanese society are discussed.     

Prior elicitation, variable selection and Bayesian computation for logistic regression models

Bayesian selection of variables is often difficult to carry out because of the challenge in specifying prior distributions for the regression parameters for all possible models, specifying a prior distribution on the model space and computations. We address these three issues for the logistic regression model. For the first, we propose an informative prior distribution for variable selection. Several theoretical and computational properties of the prior are derived and illustrated with several examples. For the second, we propose a method for specifying an informative prior on the model space, and for the third we propose novel methods for computing the marginal distribution of the data. The new computational algorithms only require Gibbs samples from the full model to facilitate the computation of the prior and posterior model probabilities for all possible models. Several properties of the algorithms are also derived. The prior specification for the first challenge focuses on the observables in that the elicitation is based on a prior prediction y ₀ for the response vector and a quantity a ₀ quantifying the uncertainty in y ₀. Then, y ₀ and a ₀ are used to specify a prior for the regression coefficients semi-automatically. Examples using real data are given to demonstrate the methodology.     

Bayesian analysis of agricultural field experiments

The paper describes Bayesian analysis for agricultural field experiments, a topic that has received very little previous attention, despite a vast frequentist literature. Adoption of the Bayesian paradigm simplifies the interpretation of the results, especially in ranking and selection. Also, complex formulations can be analysed with comparative ease, by using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. A key ingredient in the approach is the need for spatial representations of the unobserved fertility patterns. This is discussed in detail. Problems caused by outliers and by jumps in fertility are tackled via hierarchical t formulations that may find use in other contexts. The paper includes three analyses of variety trials for yield and one example involving binary data; none is entirely straightforward. Some comparisons with frequentist analyses are made.     

做市商制度下证券价格的形成机制分析

证券价格的形成要受到交易机制的约束,也会受到投资者的风险偏好、信念以及对信息获知程度的影响.文章将把这两方面因素结合起来考虑,把信息不对称引入模型,对做市商市场的证券价格形成机制进行了均衡分析.结果表明,一方面,在存在做市商的证券市场,投资者根据自己的风险偏好、信念和获知信息进行交易以使预期效用最大化,交易指令的下达与执行传达了证券清算价值的信息.做市商通过对指令信息的观察而进行双向报价,为市场提供了流动性;另一方面,证券市场的有序运行不仅跟交易机制有关,还受到投资者的风险偏好、信念以及信息上的差异等的影响,这也是决定证券价格的关键因素.     

试论多元智能理论下的家长教育观

美国著名心理学家加德纳提出的多元智能理论给当今家长以全新的教育理念：乐观化的期望观、多元化的评价观、广泛化的兴趣观、风格化的学习观、个性化的发展观,这样改变了过去家长对孩子教育的盲目性和非科学性,有利于促进了孩子的全面、健康、和谐地成长。     

岑大将军崇拜初探

岑大将军崇拜是流行于广西右江上、中游一带的壮族俗神信仰。作为一种民俗文化事象,它的形成是多种历史因素综合作用的结果。岑大将军形象并不能简单地与历史上的某个岑氏土司人物对号入座,他应是一个集岑氏父子三人(即岑雄与其长子岑世兴、三子岑世元)的勇武、忠勇和忠义于一身的综合体,并且这一实体经历了由人上升为拥有万能神力之神明的过程。伴随着岑大将军崇拜的形成,历史也赋予了它丰富的文化内涵。     

Going Against the Flow: A Longitudinal Study of the Effects of Cognitive Skills and Gender Beliefs on Occupational Aspirations and Outcomes1

Occupational sex segregation persists in part due to cultural beliefs in the existence of gender differences in skills. This article explores potential resistance to the gender‐typical aspirations and outcomes that re‐create occupational sex segregation: cognitive skills in gender‐atypical areas (i.e., math skills for women and verbal skills for men) and beliefs about women’s prioritization of family over paid work. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1979 cohort, I find that individuals with skills in areas considered gender atypical have less traditional occupational aspirations and outcomes than their otherwise‐similar counterparts. This process varies by gender, however. The results reflect the differential valuation of math and verbal skills. I conclude that programs designed to encourage women to pursue gender‐atypical occupations that align with their gender‐atypical skills are focusing on the least resistant group.     

Involving People with Profound and Multiple Learning Disabilities in Social Work Education: Building Inclusive Practice

Abstract

Service user and carer engagement is a foundational requirement of social work education. Despite this, questions remain about how diverse experiences are represented and who might be excluded from involvement. This paper focusses on one group of people who it is suggested are excluded from involvement, people with profound and multiple learning disabilities. Evidence is presented which demonstrates the extent to which this group have been marginalised and excluded from processes of involvement. The paper then provides a case study of one universities’ experience of developing work in this area, when a man with profound and multiple learning disabilities was commissioned to design and deliver specialist teaching for a group of qualifying social work students. We argue that the main barrier to inclusive involvement for people with profound and multiple learning disabilities is the attitudes and assumption of others about what they are capable of. We demonstrate how involvement in social work education helps to address these barriers by challenging the assumptions of students, the academy and society more broadly.