儿童的内隐特质观与自我、他人判断关系的研究综述

20世纪七八十年代以来,西方发展心理学界探讨了人格特质在儿童自我认知和他人认知中的作用.主要研究集中在(一)学业成就领域和人际交往领域中,儿童的内隐特质观与自我判断的关系;(二)儿童的内隐特质观与他人判断的关系.但在该领域研究中仍存在一些有待进一步探讨的问题.     

土族民间信仰中的洁净观念初探

长期以来,土族民间信仰中存在“不洁”和“洁净”观念。本文在田野调查资料的基础上,论述了洁净观念中人与恶灵的关系、“不洁”和“洁净”的二元对立履相互转化仪式,并对其心理根源和社会功能作了探讨。     

Structured approach to the elicitation of expert beliefs for a Bayesian‐designed clinical trial: a case study

To quantify uncertainty in a formal manner, statisticians play a vital role in identifying a prior distribution for a Bayesian‐designed clinical trial. However, when expert beliefs are to be used to form the prior, the literature is sparse on how feasible and how reliable it is to elicit beliefs from experts. For late‐stage clinical trials, high importance is placed on reliability; however, feasibility may be equally important in early‐stage trials. This article describes a case study to assess how feasible it is to conduct an elicitation session in a structured manner and to form a probability distribution that would be used in a hypothetical early‐stage trial. The case study revealed that by using a structured approach to planning, training and conduct, it is feasible to elicit expert beliefs and form a probability distribution in a timely manner. We argue that by further increasing the published accounts of elicitation of expert beliefs in drug development, there will be increased confidence in the feasibility of conducting elicitation sessions. Furthermore, this will lead to wider dissemination of the pertinent issues on how to quantify uncertainty to both practicing statisticians and others involved with designing trials in a Bayesian manner. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Optimal Bayesian strategies for the infinite-armed Bernoulli bandit

We consider the bandit problem with an infinite number of Bernoulli arms, of which the unknown parameters are assumed to be i.i.d. random variables with a common distribution F. Our goal is to construct optimal strategies of choosing “arms” so that the expected long-run failure rate is minimized. We first review a class of strategies and establish their asymptotic properties when F is known. Based on the results, we propose a new strategy and prove that it is asymptotically optimal when F is unknown. Finally, we show that the proposed strategy performs well for a number of simulation scenarios.     

Estimating the variance of a normal population by utilizing the information in a sample from a second related normal population

A class of estimators of the variance σ₁ ² of a normal population is introduced, by utilization the information in a sample from a second normal population with different mean and variance σ₂ ², under the restriction that σ₁ ²?≤?σ₂ ². Simulation results indicate that some members of this class are more efficient than the usual minimum variance unbiased estimator (MVUE) of σ₁ ², Stein estimator and Mehta and Gurland estimator. The case of known and unknown means are considered.     

Confidence intervals and significance tests for a single trial

Confidence intervals are developed for the location parameter of a continuous, symmetric, unimodal distribution in the casev where only a single observation from the distribution is available. These intervals are similar to those given by Abbott and Rosenblatt (1963), but shorter. The result is extended to include distributions which can be standardized to have unit scale. The procedure is exemplified for the normal distribution and the power of one- and two-sided significance tests are computed under normality.     

公众教育观念的内隐结构及现状研究——基于广州地区的样本分析

本研究运用内隐认知的方法,探讨了公众教育观念的内隐结构,并对1 131名公众的教育观念进行调查研究。结果显示：（1）公众教育观念的内隐结构由教育方式、教育期望、教育态度、教育价值、教育认知和学习观共6个因子构成;（2）公众对教育的期望值高,并且对＂教育方式＂非常重视;（3）公众的职业性质、文化程度影响其教育观念：不同职业、不同文化程度的公众在教育观念上存在显著差异;（4）公众的教育观念具有自利性,投射着对自己子女发展的愿望与价值偏好;（5）在教育改革过程中,有必要对公众的教育观念进行＂双向调控＂。     

改革的困局与改革的突破

三十多年的改革开放使中国社会面貌发生了天翻地覆的变化。随着改革的继续深入,我们面临的问题越来越多,也越来越复杂:贫富差距拉大、腐败问题突出,官民矛盾激化、社会道德滑坡等等。在此情况下,必须重建共产主义理想信念,高扬中国特色社会主义的伟大旗帜,把切实改善民生作为改革的突破口,使公平正义的社会主义本质充分得到体现,同时要积极而有序地推进政治体制改革,使上层建筑与经济基础不断相互适应,努力构建和谐社会。     

SPECIAL ISSUE： DIALOGUE,INTERACTION AND NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN PHILOSOPHY IN CONTEMPORARY CHINA - SPECIALIST FORUM ON CHINESE,WESTERN AND MARXIST PHILOSOPHIES：Wanted： dialogue at the level of value beliefs among Chinese,Western and Marxist philosophies

价值信念层面的对话是哲学对话的深层维度，同时也是最为困难和艰难的维度。价值信念层面的良性对话，是中国哲学、西方哲学、马克思主义哲学三者之间进行一种真正开放和深入的沟通和融合的前提条件，也是立足于当代中国人的生活世界，推进当代中国人生命存在的自我理解、建构当代中国哲学形态并生成我们民族“哲学自我”的重要内容与根本途径。     

Beliefs,Death Anxiety,Denial, and Treatment Preferences in End-of-Life Care

Abstract

This study examined cultural and religious beliefs, death anxiety, denial, and medical treatment preferences in end-of-life care in a sample of social work students, community residents, and medical students in a mid-western city of 49,000. Results indicated that most social work students, community residents, and medical students preferred palliative as opposed to life-prolonging care during terminal illness. The three groups differed in cultural and religious beliefs and all three reported a moderate amount of death anxiety. Students reported less denial of terminality than community residents. Implications for personal and professional preparation to provide end-of-life care are discussed.