青少年对父母权威的认知及其与父母教养方式的关系

青少年对父母权威的认知是青少年社会认知研究领域的重要内容,它对青少年的行为、社会适应和青少年期的亲子关系具有重要作用。本研究采用整群随机抽样法,运用父母权威认知问卷和父母教养方式问卷对640名初一、初三和高二年级的青少年进行了调查,结果发现:(1)总体而言,青少年对父母的权威较为认同,认为父母“可以”或“基本可以”对其行为作出规定,但不同年级与性别的青少年又表现出相对不同的特点。(2)与父亲权威相比,母亲权威更为青少年所认同,而且这种特点不随青少年年龄与性别的变化而变化。(3)不同教养方式下的青少年对父母权威的认知显著不同。     

康德的“先验图式说”解析

康德是从分析、审查人的认识能力开始 ,研究科学认识的可能性及条件的。在研究范畴对构成具有客观有效性的科学知识的作用上 ,他提出了“图式说” ,其目的在于探讨先天的范畴怎样和时间提供的感性杂多 (质料 )结合起来 ,从而构成自然科学的先天综合判断的。本文主要解析了康德的先验图式说的提出、内容、本质及其影响     

A Rule For Updating Ambiguous Beliefs

When preferences are such that there is no unique additive prior, the issue of which updating rule to use is of extreme importance. This paper presents an axiomatization of the rule which requires updating of all the priors by Bayes rule. The decision maker has conditional preferences over acts. It is assumed that preferences over acts conditional on event E happening, do not depend on lotteries received on E ^c, obey axioms which lead to maxmin expected utility representation with multiple priors, and have common induced preferences over lotteries. The paper shows that when all priors give positive probability to an event E, a certain coherence property between conditional and unconditional preferences is satisfied if and only if the set of subjective probability measures considered by the agent given E is obtained by updating all subjective prior probability measures using Bayes rule.     

College Students' Money Beliefs and Behaviors: An Asian Perspective

The multidimensionality of money was investigated, using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The respondents, 290 college students from Korea, Japan, and the United States, were administered a survey, which included socio-demographic questions, and Furnham's (1984) Money Beliefs and Behaviors (MBBS) Scale. Through a series of principal components analyses, a three-factor model with 10 MBBS items was identified. The three factors, Power, Security, and Financial Modesty accounted for 53.6% of the variance. The findings have implications for college students and financial management practitioners.     

大学新生语言学习观念实证研究

我们以274名大学新生为调查对象,采用问卷和半结构访谈的方法,探究了大学新生语言学习观念的总体倾向,比较了男女大学新生在语言学习观念上的差异。结果表明:(1)大多数语言学习者持有对英语学习有利的语言学习观念;(2)男、女学习者只在有关学习动机的语言学习观念上存在显著性差异。针对研究结果通过分析相关原因,我们思考并提出了几条教学建议,希望对英语教学有所突破。     

关于土族民间信仰及习惯法的人类学分析

土族习惯法的产生、发展和运作深受土族民间信仰的影响,习惯法中的大部分内容都是由民间信仰中的各种禁忌、仪式、巫术构成,而神灵观念和内心的信仰是土族习惯法最主要的来源,各种禁忌、巫术直接推动着土族习惯法的有效执行。同时,土族习惯法又维系着民间信仰的内在结构,强化了民间信仰的社会功能。     

Cognitive dissonance and risk denial: The case of cannabis use in adolescents

This paper integrates insights from both sociology and psychology into the economic approach of drug use. Within this theoretical framework, the utility provided by cannabis use depends on the ability to deny its riskiness, and this ability is a kind of human capital accumulated through earlier consumption. This assumption is tested with a dataset of French adolescents. A simultaneous equation model is estimated, with one equation for cannabis use, and one for risk denial. The results provide some empirical evidence in favour of the tested assumption, and they also cast doubt on the efficiency of preventive information at school.     

蛇鼠、藏宝、掘宝秘诀与佛经故事——中国古代掘宝母题动植物功能的跨文化探源

中国古代金银变化母题,关于寻宝中动植物功能、神物作为寻宝器具的信奉,是一个外来的神秘信奉.庞杂的古代金银变化母题,离不开这一外来思路的最初启发.关于"银伥"看守金银的信奉,也当是上述掘宝民俗同一故事的别种说法,其逆向思维和补充.藏宝掘藏故事中的蛇、鼠意象,其文本渊源,在巴利文本生故事与中古汉译佛经中普遍流传的"感恩动物忘恩人"母题中,也可以找到其蛛丝马迹     

Sentiments

This paper develops a new theory of fluctuations—one that helps accommodate the notions of “animal spirits” and “market sentiment” in unique‐equilibrium, rational‐expectations, macroeconomic models. To this goal, we limit the communication that is embedded in a neoclassical economy by allowing trading to be random and decentralized. We then show that the business cycle may be driven by a certain type of extrinsic shocks which we call sentiments. These shocks formalize shifts in expectations of economic activity without shifts in the underlying preferences and technologies; they are akin to sunspots, but operate in unique‐equilibrium models. We further show how communication may help propagate these shocks in a way that resembles the spread of fads and rumors and that gives rise to boom‐and‐bust phenomena. We finally illustrate the quantitative potential of our insights within a variant of the RBC model.