An efficient approximate algorithm for the Kolmogorov—Smirnov and Lilliefors tests †

In an earlier paper we presented a linear time algorithm for computing the Kolmogorov–Smirnov and Lilliefors test statistics. In this paper we present a linear time approximate algorithm which requires less memory than the previous algorithm.     

从行为经济学透视消费者非理性购买决策的涵义

非理性购买行为现象非常普遍,但关于非理性购买决策的定义目前并没有一个统一的说法。行为经济学是一门介于经济学和心理学之间的边缘科学,它从心理学的角度揭示了人类非理性决策的现实,对规范经济学的“经济人”假设提出了挑战,动摇了效用最大化公理,它用实验方法证明现实生活中的人如何做出经济决策,使经济学恢复它本来的面目。基于规范经济学和行为经济学中关于“人性”假说的对比研究,发现非理性购买决策是指人们在购买过程中依靠直觉或情感、违反效用最大化、偏好不一致和非完全自利的判断与选择行为。     

Robust nonparametric estimation of the intensity function of point data

Intensity functions—which describe the spatial distribution of the occurrences of point processes—are useful for risk assessment. This paper deals with the robust nonparametric estimation of the intensity function of space–time data from events such as earthquakes. The basic approach consists of smoothing the frequency histograms with the local polynomial regression (LPR) estimator. This method allows for automatic boundary corrections, and its jump-preserving ability can be improved with robustness. We derive a robust local smoother from the weighted-average approach to M-estimation and we select its bandwidths with robust cross-validation (RCV). Further, we develop a robust recursive algorithm for sequential processing of the data binned in time. An extensive application to the Northern California earthquake catalog in the San Francisco, CA, area illustrates the method and proves its validity.     

基于可视化交互式遗传算法中映射方法的分析与研究

提出了一种对基于可视化交互式遗传算法中的非线性映射方法,结合遗传算法在n维空间上快速搜索的优点和人类在二维空间上把握数据整体分布的能力,采用VISOR算法既降低了计算的复杂度,又使数据空间和输出空间上数据点与聚类中心间的距离信息保持相似.仿真结果验证了该方法的可靠性、稳定性和快速性.     

Single facility scheduling with dual criteria: minimizing maximum tardiness subject to minimum number of tardy jobs

This paper considers the static single machine scheduling problem with the objective of minimizing the maximum tardiness of any job subject to the constraint that the total number of lardy jobs is minimum. Based on simple dominance conditions an o(n²) heuristic algorithm is proposed to find an approximate solution to this problem. The effectiveness of the proposed heuristic algorithm is empirically evaluated by solving a large number of problems and comparing them to the optimal solutions obtained through the branch and bound algorithm.     

Probabilistic Analysis of the Inadvertent Reentry of the Cassini Spacecraft''s Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators

As part of the launch approval process, the Interagency Nuclear Safety Review Panel provides an independent safety assessment of space missions--such as the Cassini mission--that carry a significant amount of nuclear materials. This survey article describes potential accident scenarios that might lead to release of fuel from an accidental reentry during an Earth swingby maneuver, the probabilities of such scenarios, and their consequences. To illustrate the nature of calculations used in this area, examples are presented of probabilistic models to obtain both the probability of scenario events and the resultant source terms of such scenarios. Because of large extrapolations from the current knowledge base, the analysis emphasizes treatment of uncertainties.     

WDM网状网在鲁棒资源配置下的抗毁设计

针对WDM网状网中业务量矩阵不确知情况下(hose业务模型)的鲁棒资源配置问题,进行了抗毁设计,采用专用通道保护策略,网络设计的优化目标为全网代价最小。提出了DPP-MRU和DPP-MST两种启发式算法,并通过计算机仿真分析,从两种算法在USANET-hose和ITANET-hose模型下的全网代价比较,证实了最大资源利用率算法具有较小的全网代价。     

Integrating Software into PRA: A Test-Based Approach

Probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) is a methodology to assess the probability of failure or success of a system's operation. PRA has been proved to be a systematic, logical, and comprehensive technique for risk assessment. Software plays an increasing role in modern safety critical systems. A significant number of failures can be attributed to software failures. Unfortunately, current probabilistic risk assessment concentrates on representing the behavior of hardware systems, humans, and their contributions (to a limited extent) to risk but neglects the contributions of software due to a lack of understanding of software failure phenomena. It is thus imperative to consider and model the impact of software to reflect the risk in current and future systems. The objective of our research is to develop a methodology to account for the impact of software on system failure that can be used in the classical PRA analysis process. A test-based approach for integrating software into PRA is discussed in this article. This approach includes identification of software functions to be modeled in the PRA, modeling of the software contributions in the ESD, and fault tree. The approach also introduces the concepts of input tree and output tree and proposes a quantification strategy that uses a software safety testing technique. The method is applied to an example system, PACS.     

算子概率范数与有界算子的连续性定理

应用线性算子的概率范数，证明了一般的ＰＮ空间上线性算子有界与连续的等价性，并进一步揭示这一等价关系的实质．     

The Risk Criteria for Assessment of Temporary Changes in a Nuclear Power Plant

Risk criterion is a term that may distinguish between what is considered as an acceptable level of safety and what is not. One of the ways of determining quantitative risk criteria for temporary changes in a nuclear power plant considering probabilistic safety assessment is presented. Risk criteria are based on timing and on time duration of the change. Several examples of temporary changes in a nuclear power plant were examined to evaluate the criteria. Results show that it is possible to determine a set of risk criteria for temporary changes. Risk criteria can represent a standpoint for risk-informed decision making.