Does it pay to be eco? The mediating role of competitive benefits and the effect of ISO14001

Eco-innovation has become an important instrument to help companies reduce their environmental impact and gain a competitive advantage in increasingly competitive environments. Despite recent research conducted in this field, findings concerning the relationship between eco-innovation and firm performance remain conflicting, inconclusive and incomplete. This study aimed to clarify this relationship by incorporating competitive benefits as a mediator between eco-innovation and firm performance. Three core questions are examined: How does eco-innovation influence competitive benefits and firm performance? Do competitive benefits mediate the relationship between eco-innovation and firm performance? How does ISO14001 influence competitive benefits and firm performance? The study finds that competitive benefits mediate and strengthen the relationship between eco-innovation and firm performance. In addition, the results reveal that ISO14001 positively affects competitive benefits and thus leads to greater competitive benefits, while the association between ISO14001 and firm performance is not found to be statistically significant. The paper concludes with a discussion of implications for policy makers and companies, limitations, and future research directions.     

On ridge parameter estimators under stochastic subspace hypothesis

This paper considers several estimators for estimating the restricted ridge parameter estimators. A simulation study has been conducted to compare the performance of these estimators. Based on the simulation study we found that, increasing the correlation between the independent variables has positive effect on the mean square error (MSE). However, increasing the value of ρ has negative effect on MSE. When the sample size increases, the MSE decreases even when the correlation between the independent variables is large. Two real life examples have been considered to illustrate the performance of the estimators.     

Estimation of Pr(Y < X) for the two-parameter generalized exponential records

This article considers the maximum likelihood and Bayes estimation of the stress–strength reliability based on two-parameter generalized exponential records. Here, we extend the results of Baklizi [Computational Statistics and Data Analysis 52 (2008), 3468–3473] to explain a wide variety of real datasets. We also consider the estimation of R when the same shape parameter is known. The results for exponential distribution can be obtained as a special case with different scale parameters.     

论积分和式的极限

用一般拓扑空间的网收敛理论刻划了Riemann积分与Lebesgue积分的积分和式极限 ,它们都是拓扑空间R中某种网的极限     

n＞2时πps抽样下方差估计量的算法实现

 为了解决 抽样下方差估计量计算困难的难题，本文引入了Hájek近似方法，给出了二阶包含概率的一个近似公式。在此基础上，推导出Hájek近似方差，并根据Hájek近似方差公式提出了一个Hájek近似方差的估计量。通过实际数据的分析进一步表明，经过Hájek近似的方差估计量在样本量大于2时，不仅计算简便，而且估计准确，与真实的方差估计量相差甚小。     

Produktdiversifizierung und Unternehmenserfolg: Nutzung der Forschungsdatenzentren der Statistischen ?mter

Zusammenfassung: Im Rahmen seiner industrie?konomischen Forschung beabsichtigt das DIW Berlin das Verhalten von Unternehmen auf den Produktm?rkten intensiver zu analysieren. In einem ersten Schritt soll der Zusammenhang zwischen Produktdiversifizierung, der Einführung neuer Produkte und dem Erfolg von Unternehmen im verarbeitenden Gewerbe untersucht werden. Dies soll mit Hilfe einer ?konometrischen Panelanalyse auf der Grundlage von Mikrodaten von Unternehmen erfolgen. Statt des in der Arbeitsmarktforschung üblichen Employer-Employee Datensatzes wird für diesen Zweck ein Producer-Product Datensatz ben?tigt. Erstmals sollen diese Mikrodaten im Rahmen einer Panelanalyse durch die Forschung ausgewertet werden. Dabei werden zwei getrennt durchgeführte Erhebungen, die Kostenstrukturerhebung und die Produktionserhebung, für einzelne Unternehmen zusammengefasst. M?glich wird dieses Forschungsvorhaben durch die Nutzung des auf Empfehlung der Kommission zur Verbesserung der informationellen Infrastruktur neu eingerichteten Forschungsdatenzentrums (FDZ). Das vorliegende Papier berichtet über das Forschungskonzept und die bisher erfolgten Schritte bei der Nutzung der Forschungsdatenzentren des Bundes und der L?nder am regionalen Standort Berlin.

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Summary: For a better understanding of the strategies of firms on their product markets, the DIW Berlin intends to intensify the analysis on the relationship between product diversification, including the introduction of new products and the success of firms. It is planned to do this by applying econometric panel methods on micro level data for German manufacturing enterprises. For this objective, it is necessary to create a producer-product database. This affords the merging of two different datasets of the system of surveys in manufacturing for Germany. The cost structure survey supplies information on the operating surplus of individual firms, while the production survey supplies the information on the goods produced by these firms. Conducting such an ambitious project has now been made possible in using the newly installed Research Data Centres (FDZ) for Germany. This paper gives an overview on the research project and on first experiences with the use of the local Research Data Centre in Berlin.

     

浅谈求极限的方法

求极限是高等数学的重要内容．本文的目的是通过范例总结和研究高等数学中的函数极限、数列极限和广义积分的各种常用及一些特殊计算方法．     

The admissible minimax estimator in Gauss–Markov model under a balanced loss function

In this paper, we investigate the admissible minimax estimator (AME) of regression coefficient in Gauss–Markov model under a balanced loss function. In the class of homogeneous linear estimators, we obtain the AME under two occasions, respectively. We also prove that the AME is a shrinkage estimator of the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE). Furthermore, we prove that the AME dominates the BLUE under certain conditions.     

On Bayes Linear Unbiased Estimator Under the Balanced Loss Function

In this paper, the Bayes linear unbiased estimator (Bayes LUE) is derived under the balanced loss function. Moreover, the superiority of Bayes LUE over ordinary least square estimator is studied under the mean square error matrix criterion and Pitman closeness criterion. Furthermore, we compare Bayes LUE under the balanced loss function with Bayes LUE under the quadratic loss function.     

The Cusum of Squares Test for Scale Changes in Infinite Order Moving Average Processes

In this paper we consider the problem of testing for a scale change in the infinite order moving average process X _j = _{i =0} a _{i j i} , where _j are i.i.d. r.v.s with E ₁ < for some > 0. In performing the test, a cusum of squares test statistic analogous to Inclan & Tiao's (1994) statistic is considered. It is well-known from the literature that outliers affect test procedures leading to false conclusions. In order to remedy this, a cusum of squares test based on trimmed observations is considered. It is demonstrated that this test is robust against outliers, is valid for infinite variance processes as well. Simulation results are given for illustration.