在精益生产和全面质量管理视角下重新审视清洁生产

清洁生产的概念正风行全球,而作为企业管理两大先进方式的精益生产和全面质量管理早已在 中国的不少企业中实施开来。本文从介绍清洁生产的背景出发,结合清洁生产的核心理念以及精益生产和全 面质量管理理论的精髓,讨论了清洁生产与精益生产和全面质量管理之间的相互关系,并指出清洁生产是精 益生产和全面质量管理理念在21世纪的可持续发展形式和载体。     

关于我国古籍中有机肥施用问题的概述

我国施肥历史悠久。我们的先人很早就认识到了施肥可改良土壤 ,可使作物增产。古人在生产实践中发明了许多肥料制作方法 ,总结出了丰富的施肥技术和理论。其经验对于我们今天仍有现实意义。     

我国广告伦理及其社会作用初探

开展对社会主义广告伦理问题的研究,可以促进社会主义市场经济伦理建设,进一步拓展应用伦理学的研究视野,广告伦理作为经济伦理的一个分支,是应用伦理学发展的新领域。本文从我国广告伦理的产生、基本特征以及社会作用三个方面作了阐释,以示探讨。     

影子价格在产品成本核算中的应用

产品成本关系到产品在市场竞争中的成败,直接影响企业的经济效益。因此,如何正确地核算产品成本,对于企业参与杜会经济生产有着重要的作用。本文运用影子价格的概念,对核算产品的机会成本给出了一个简便且有效的计算方法。     

A branch-and-price algorithm for production routing problems with carbon cap-and-trade

This study presents a model for a pollution production-routing problem under carbon cap-and-trade. The aim is to incorporate carbon emissions into production inventory and routing decisions. The model is characterized by an additional flow-related cost structure, which generalizes models for pollution-routing problems and production inventory and routing problems. Correspondingly, we develop a branch-and-price heuristic by incorporating a column-generation formulation based on the Dantzig–Wolfe decomposition. In addition, we design an ad hoc label-setting algorithm to deal with time-slice networks in pricing subproblems. Computational results allow us to provide managerial insights concerning reduction of carbon emissions in supply chains. We prove that the model has the potential to reduce emission levels of carbon dioxide and operational costs.     

The “wrong skewness” problem in stochastic frontier models: A new approach

Stochastic frontier models are widely used to measure, e.g., technical efficiencies of firms. The classical stochastic frontier model often suffers from the empirical artefact that the residuals of the production function may have a positive skewness, whereas a negative one is expected under the model, which leads to estimated full efficiencies of all firms. We propose a new approach to the problem by generalizing the distribution used for the inefficiency variable. This generalized stochastic frontier model allows the sample data to have the wrong skewness while estimating well-defined and nondegenerate efficiency measures. We discuss the statistical properties of the model, and we discuss a test for the symmetry of the error term (no inefficiency). We provide a simulation study to show that our model delivers estimators of efficiency with smaller bias than those of the classical model even if the population skewness has the correct sign. Finally, we apply the model to data of the U.S. textile industry for 1958–2005 and show that for a number of years our model suggests technical efficiencies well below the frontier while the classical one estimates no inefficiency in those years.     

The effects of the warranty cost on the imperfect EMQ model with general discrete shift distribution

In this paper, we investigate the effect of the warranty cost on optimization of the economic manufacturing quality (EMQ). This is done for a deteriorating process where the production process shifts from the in-control state to the out-of-control state following a general discrete probability distribution. Once the production process goes out of control, the production process produces some defective items. The defective item cost includes reworking and warranty costs. Thus, in order to economically operate a production-inventory system with products sold under warranty, the tradeoffs among the production setup, inventory, and defective item cost, including the reworked cost before sale and the warranty cost after sale, needed to be analysed. This objective in this paper is to determine the production lot size while minimizing the total cost per unit of time per unit of time. Various special cases are presented. Two of them are extensions of results obtained previously in the literature. Finally, a numerical example is given which uses a discrete Weibull probability distribution. Sensitivity analysis of the model with respect to cost and time parameters is also performed.     

A mathematical model for job shop scheduling with multiple process plan consideration per job

In this paper, a mixed integer programming model is formulated for scheduling a set of jobs through a shop when each job is supplied or provided with multiple process plans or process routings. Simultaneous selection of a process plan for each job and the sequencing of the jobs through the machines in the shop based on the set of selected process plans is addressed. The procedure developed seeks to integrate the selection of machines for each job and the sequencing of jobs on each machine based on the objective of minimizing production makespan. the application of the procedure is demonstrated with an example problem. The following conclusions were drawn as a result of the research: (1) the procedure developed produces optimal or near optimal solution; (2) the benefit from the developed approach is that it allows a shop to adaptively select process plans for jobs to optimize on production makespan. By combining solution quality with scheduling flexibility and efficiency, the productivity of a shop can be greatly enhanced.     

抗战时期浙江省政府南迁对国统区农业生产的影响

抗战期间,浙江省政府及其附属机构先后迁至永康方岩及旧府属处州各地.它们的迁移对浙省国统区的政治、经济、文化产生了深刻的影响.其中在农业方面,不但推动了中心农场、农业推广区和改进区的建立,而且在粮食生产的指导、农业技术和优良品种的推广及农田水利的兴修方面也产生了积极的作用.