Design and implementation of an integrated production planning system for a pharmaceutical manufacturing concern in India

SmithKline Beecham (SBPI) is a major player in the Indian pharmaceutical industry. Though relatively small in terms of turnover, it has performed Pharmaceuticals (India) exceptionally well in terms ofprofitability and growth rate. The firm has substantial cash reserves. However, the firm operates in 'mass production' mode at present, with the established finished goods inventory norms being in the range of 1 to 1.5 months. Competitive pressure on the firm is now forcing it to move towards world class manufacturing and the application of concepts from MRP II, JIT and OPT is under consideration. This paper describes the considerations that went into the justification, design and implementation of an integrated production planning and control system in this situaion.     

Managing green productivity: Some strategic directions

The twentieth century has been the hallmark for managing total productivity, where the emphasis is towards maximization of outputs commensurate with the consumption of inputs. This is being challenged now to evolve the world class manufacturing strategy requiring a paradigm shift. This shift is towards green productivity, which looks forward to socially appropriate production and consumption aiming at value innovation and resource conservation. This paper is an attempt to outline the concepts and experiential learning about green productivity.     

对高职教育质量保障体系中几个问题的思考

在我国高等职业教育规模迅速扩大的同时，教育质量问题已引起各方面的广泛关注。目前影响我国高职教育质量的主要因素有：学校之外的教育质量评价不能完全适应高职教育实际；产学研结合缺乏应有的措施保障；高职院校内部的质量监控体系尚不完善。应该采取的政策与对策：建立合理、科学的评估体系和机制；鼓励企业通过产学研结合参与高职教育；健全学校内部质量评估、监控体系。     

Benchmark Schedules for Subcontracted Operations: Decentralization Inefficiencies that Arise from Competition and First‐Come‐First‐Served Processing*

Subcontracting has become a prominent business practice across many industries. Subcontracting of industrial production is generally based on short‐term need for additional processing capacity, and is frequently employed by manufacturers to process customer orders more quickly than using only in‐house production. In this article, we study a popular business model where multiple manufacturers, each capable of processing his entire workload in‐house, have the option to subcontract some of their operations to a single third party with a flexible resource. Each manufacturer can deliver customer orders only after his entire batch of jobs, processed in‐house and at the third party, is completed. The third party facility is available to several manufacturers who compete for its use. Current business practice of First‐Come‐First‐Served (FCFS) processing of the subcontracted workloads as well as the competitive Nash equilibrium schedules developed in earlier studies result in two types of inefficiencies; the third party capacity is not maximally utilized, and the manufacturers incur decentralization cost. In this article, we develop models to assess the value created by coordinating the manufacturers' subcontracting decisions by comparing two types of centralized control against FCFS and Nash equilibrium schedules. We present optimal and/or approximate algorithms to quantify the third party underutilization and the manufacturers' decentralization cost. We find that both inefficiencies are more severe with competition than they are when the third party allocates capacity in an FCFS manner. However, in a decentralized setting, a larger percentage of the players prefer Nash equilibrium schedules to FCFS schedules. We extend our analysis to incomplete information scenarios where manufacturers reveal limited demand information, and find that more information dramatically benefits the third party and the manufacturers, however, the marginal benefit of additional information is decreasing. Finally, we discuss an extension wherein each manufacturer's objective takes into account asymmetries in subcontracting, in‐house processing, and delay costs.     

我国发展循环经济的重要手段——清洁生产

清洁生产最大限度地减少了原材料和能源的消耗，实现了在生命周期内对产品进行全过程的污染控制与管理，从根本上解决了环境污染与生态破坏的问题，兼顾了经济效益和环境效益，因此推行清洁生产是实现循环经济的重要途径。     

Toward a scheduling congruity theory of family resource management

This article presents the elements of a theory to explain the dynamic construction and execution of production processes. The theory takes into account both the cognitive underpinnings and observable streams of purposive action necessary for managerial behavior. It attempts to explain both the consciously planned and executed action of individuals and the more routine, repetitive activities which dominate most resource allocation behavior. Further, it provides a framework within which goal directed actions of individuals may be translated into goal directed actions of groups of individuals.The authors wish to thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on an earlier draft of this article.Rosemary J. Avery is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Consumer Economics and Housing at Cornell University, 103 Martha Van Rensselaer Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853. She received her Ph.D. from The Ohio State University in 1988. Her research areas include family management and time use, family decision making, and family formation via adoption.Kathryn Stafford is an Associate Professor in the Department of Family Resource Management at The Ohio State University, Campbell Hall, Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210. Her research focuses upon management by families who generate income at home, and she has also done work in the areas of family time use and household production. She received her Ph.D. from Cornell University in 1978.     

论延安大生产运动之“大”

延安大生产运动是其他抗日根据地大生产运动的源头、代表、典范。在中国共产党直接领导下，延安大生产运动中劳动者大规模组织成互助组甚至合作社，参与生产的实践主体极其广泛，形成了多种经济成分互为依存、共同发展的经济格局，体现出领导决心“大”、组织形式“大”、实践主体“大”、经济成分“大”等四个特征。     

混合线性分式目标规划的一般解法及其应用

线性分式目标规划是近几年发展起来的目标规划的新分支,尚无一般解法。本文给出了混合线性分式目标规划的一般解法及其应用实例。     

简论亚当·斯密劳动价值理论的三对矛盾及其产生根源

亚当·斯密对于劳动价值理论所作出的独特贡献在于他能够清晰界定财富与系统揭示财富源泉。然而,与马克思的劳动价值理论相比较,亚当·斯密的劳动价值理论却存在着三对矛盾:交换价值与价值实体之间的矛盾关系;商品价值与生产资料价值之间的排斥关系;商品价值与收入源泉之间的颠倒关系。而且这三对矛盾皆根源于亚当·斯密混淆了在商品生产过程中创造价值的劳动形式与创造使用价值的劳动形式即抽象劳动与具体劳动。     

兵团非贫困团场的发展思路探析

在兵团的176个团场中,79个非贫困团场的发展条件虽比贫困团场要好,但因自然地理环境、产业结构等多种因素的制约,其发展同样存在诸多问题。为推进社会稳定与发展,兵团应通过因地制宜制定各垦区的发展战略,大力增强农业的辐射带动能力,以一产为基础推进团场工业化,大力引进和培养人才,推进经济社会和生态的协调发展等途径,探寻非贫困团场的发展。