Can digital skills raise occupational prestige among ethnic minorities?

Using data from a large-scale Annual Social Survey of Israel’s Central Bureau of Statistics, we investigate the correlation between digital skills and occupational prestige among veteran Jews and two minority groups, namely Arabs and immigrants to Israel from the Former Soviet Union (FSU). Our findings show that both minority groups have significant disadvantages in occupational prestige compared to veteran Jews. Although causation cannot be inferred because of the correlational design of our study, digital skills were found to contribute to occupational prestige among veteran Jews and FSU immigrants, beyond the classic socio-demographic factors. The occupational prestige gap between veteran Jews and FSU immigrants was eliminated after controlling for socio-demographic variables and before taking digital skills into consideration. The effect of digital skills on occupational prestige among Arabs was insignificant and after controlling for socio-demographic and digital skills, the gap in occupational prestige between veteran Jews and Arabs remained significant.     

Simulation-based model comparison methodology with application to road accident models

This article assumes the goal of proposing a simulation-based theoretical model comparison methodology with application to two time series road accident models. The model comparison exercise helps to quantify the main differences and similarities between the two models and comprises of three main stages: (1) simulation of time series through a true model with predefined properties; (2) estimation of the alternative model using the simulated data; (3) sensitivity analysis to quantify the effect of changes in the true model parameters on alternative model parameter estimates through analysis of variance, ANOVA. The proposed methodology is applied to two time series road accident models: UCM (unobserved components model) and DRAG (Demand for Road Use, Accidents and their Severity). Assuming that the real data-generating process is the UCM, new datasets approximating the road accident data are generated, and DRAG models are estimated using the simulated data. Since these two methodologies are usually assumed to be equivalent, in a sense that both models accurately capture the true effects of the regressors, we are specifically addressing the modeling of the stochastic trend, through the alternative model. Stochastic trend is the time-varying component and is one of the crucial factors in time series road accident data. Theoretically, it can be easily modeled through UCM, given its modeling properties. However, properly capturing the effect of a non-stationary component such as stochastic trend in a stationary explanatory model such as DRAG is challenging. After obtaining the parameter estimates of the alternative model (DRAG), the estimates of both true and alternative models are compared and the differences are quantified through experimental design and ANOVA techniques. It is observed that the effects of the explanatory variables used in the UCM simulation are only partially captured by the respective DRAG coefficients. This a priori, could be due to multicollinearity but the results of both simulation of UCM data and estimating of DRAG models reveal that there is no significant static correlation among regressors. Moreover, in fact, using ANOVA, it is determined that this regression coefficient estimation bias is caused by the presence of the stochastic trend present in the simulated data. Thus, the results of the methodological development suggest that the stochastic component present in the data should be treated accordingly through a preliminary, exploratory data analysis.     

以媒体素养教育促进高校思政信息化的思考

对高校开展媒体素养教育的现状、必要性进行分析,挖掘当前思政教育方面存在的问题,主要包括整体教育水平、教育内容、教育形式等方面,并提出科学有效的措施,力求通过建立媒介素养教育体系、充分利用现有教育资源、发挥校园媒体辅助作用、加强媒介素质理论教育等方式,充分发挥媒介素养教育的重要作用,从而促进高校思政信息化建设提供更大的促进作用。     

Does schooling protect sexual health? The association between three measures of education and STIs among adolescents in Malawi

While multiple studies have documented shifting educational gradients in HIV prevalence, less attention has been given to the effect of school participation and academic skills on infection during adolescence. Using the Malawi Schooling and Adolescent Study, a longitudinal survey that followed 2,649 young people aged 14–17 at baseline from 2007 to 2013, we estimate the effect of three education variables: school enrolment, grade attainment, and academic skills—numeracy and Chichewa literacy—on herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) and HIV incidence using interval-censored survival analysis. We find that grade attainment is significantly associated with lower rates of both HSV-2 and HIV among girls, and is negatively associated with HSV-2 but not HIV among boys. School enrolment and academic skills are not significantly associated with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) for boys or girls in our final models. Efforts to encourage school progression in high-prevalence settings in sub-Saharan Africa could well reduce, or at least postpone, acquisition of STIs.     

价格数据缺失、失真与PPP测算偏差

基础数据质量问题对PPP测算结果的影响既需要有定性的客观认识,更需要量化的测算结果做依据。本文首先依据数据审核的基本逻辑将价格数据质量问题抽象为数据缺失和数据失真两种类型;其次借鉴对照实验方法,以CPD法为基础,通过对两类数据质量问题不同形式和程度的量化模拟,综合考察了两类数据质量问题影响下的CPD-PPP测算偏差特征与规律;最后综合模拟测度结果为ICP基础数据质量的控制与优化以及比较结果的量化评估与调整提出了意见与建议。     

农民科学素质与生计资本的关系初探——以M县为例

对农民科学素质和生计资本之间的关系进行量化研究的工作在学术界尚属空白.在M县实地调研和相关分析的基础上可以看出该县农民科学素质与五大类生计资本的关系如下:农民的科学素质与人力资本呈中度相关关系;农民的科学素质与自然资本呈负相关关系;农民的科学素质与物质资本和金融资本存在一定正相关关系,但关系较弱;农民的科学素质与社会资本的相关关系不明显.回归分析进一步证明:M县农民科学素质与人力资本和金融资本的关系最为紧密.     

浅析多元文化背景下英美文学课程改革中的文化教育

英美文学课程作为我国高校英语专业的必修课,有着独特的人文学科优势。通过品读包罗万象的英美文学经典,学生不仅可以提高英语语言水平,还可以了解西方国家的历史文化和风土人情,从而提升自身的人文素养。然纵观我国英美文学课程现状,国内多位知名学者认为英美文学课程没有充分发挥培养学生人文素养的功能。笔者根据英美文学的课程特点分析了我国英美文学教育的现状,对于在多元文化背景下如何在课程改革中深化文化教育提出相关建议。     

读写萌发教育理念

人们对幼儿幼儿早期读写的认识经历了以阅读准备为主导的传统认识和以读写萌发为主导新认识两个阶段,目前读写萌发理论在世界范围内是早期读写教育的主导型研究范式。本文介绍了读写萌发的相关概念。把读写萌发理论介绍到我国可以增强我们对于幼儿读写发展的理解,也可以改进我国幼儿读写教育方面的实践,同时汉语背景下读写萌发的研究也有利于丰富读写萌发理论自身。     

大学生媒介素养现状调查与分析——以邯郸市三所高校为例

媒介是一把＂双刃剑＂。在当今信息时代,媒介能否更好地为大学生所用,取决于大学生本身媒介素养的高低。当前,大学生自发生成的媒介素养参差不齐,在承载大学生成才功能上令人担忧。本次调查以邯郸市三所高校的大学生为调查对象,重点从媒介素养包涵的三个层次,即接触、选择、分析和传播信息的基本能力、建构批判意识的防范能力和自觉自律的改善能力来开展调查。在对调查结果进行统计和分析中,我们试图了解当今大学生媒介素养存在的问题,进而为大学生媒介素养的建构和培育,提供可靠的参考依据和行之有效的方法。     

网络环境下学习者外语能力与身份认同关系的探析

从Lam 博士关于学习者在网络环境下建构自身身份认同(identity)的过程里提高外语能力的研究成果出发,探讨了外语能力与身份认同的不可分割性以及对外语教学理念上的影响.外语能力获得的过程同时也是学习者身份认同建构的过程.网络环境下学习者的社会角色得以重构,性格角色得以创建,学习者的主体性得以张扬.网络环境下的沟通为学习者的文本身份和多重认同的呈现提供了广阔的空间,为学习者创建自身文本声音和重塑外语能力提供了可能.