Compare diagnostic tests using transformation-invariant smoothed ROC curves()

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, plotting true positive rates against false positive rates as threshold varies, is an important tool for evaluating biomarkers in diagnostic medicine studies. By definition, ROC curve is monotone increasing from 0 to 1 and is invariant to any monotone transformation of test results. And it is often a curve with certain level of smoothness when test results from the diseased and non-diseased subjects follow continuous distributions. Most existing ROC curve estimation methods do not guarantee all of these properties. One of the exceptions is Du and Tang (2009) which applies certain monotone spline regression procedure to empirical ROC estimates. However, their method does not consider the inherent correlations between empirical ROC estimates. This makes the derivation of the asymptotic properties very difficult. In this paper we propose a penalized weighted least square estimation method, which incorporates the covariance between empirical ROC estimates as a weight matrix. The resulting estimator satisfies all the aforementioned properties, and we show that it is also consistent. Then a resampling approach is used to extend our method for comparisons of two or more diagnostic tests. Our simulations show a significantly improved performance over the existing method, especially for steep ROC curves. We then apply the proposed method to a cancer diagnostic study that compares several newly developed diagnostic biomarkers to a traditional one.     

不同荷载比下嵌固式钢框架节点M θr曲线拟合

对嵌固式节点进行有限元仿真分析,得到了嵌固式门式框架在不同的荷载工况条件下节点的M θr曲线。通过对不同荷载组合情况下得到的M θr曲线进行比较可知,节点刚度随着荷载组合的变化而变化,但两个方向框架中嵌固式节点刚度的变化规律不同。综合考虑门式框架嵌固式节点M θr曲线的特性,对多种荷载组合情况下的M θr曲线进行曲线拟合,得到拟合公式并对其进行方差分析。透过相关指数可知提出的嵌固式节点M θr曲线的拟合公式是可靠的,可为进一步深入研究嵌固式组装钢框架的力学性能提供借鉴和参考     

铸铁烘缸椭圆人孔盖的计算

为了解决铸铁烘缸承压元件椭圆形人孔盖设计计算的困扰,设计人员基于国内规范结合ASME规范寻求一种新 的设计计算方法,即利用ASME规范提供的数表找到适合于铸铁烘缸人孔盖材料的特性曲线,将此特性曲线提供的特性 数值代入已经成熟的算例当中,从而计算出人孔盖的承压能力。此方法一旦成熟可以解决椭圆形人孔盖设计计算的难 题,使铸铁烘缸人孔盖的设计进一步的优化     

求解双基链的贪婪算法的研究与VB实现

标量乘法是影响椭圆曲线加密算法执行效率的一个重要因素,椭圆曲线的标量乘法方法很多,基于双基链的标量乘法是一种效率较好的算法,文中讨论求解整数的双基链表示的基本算法—贪婪算法的基本原理和在VB环境下的实现.     

自举式扫描电路的分析及改进

从自举式扫描电路的补偿状态、电路的改进措施和ε曲线簇三个方面全面分析了自举式扫描电路的基本原理,并为设计自举式扫描电路提供了理论依据。     

Fitting Curves to Human Respiratory Data

Records of gas flow during breathing are cyclical, with the cycles varying in duration. The shape of these cycles may change with the intensity of respiratory stimulation or the development of respiratory disease, but currently research is hampered by the lack of a fully satisfactory technique for determining the shape of a typical cycle. The approach adopted here is to replace the time series by a 'phase diagram', plotting the time integral of flow against flow itself. Principal curves are then fitted. These are curves `through the middle of the data' which were introduced by Hastie and Stuetzle. The shapes of these curves are compared, either directly or after reconstructing an average cycle corresponding to each fitted curve. This has the advantage that the shape of the waveform is separated from the amplitude, and from the duration of the breath. A disadvantage is that periods of zero flow are lost, and the reconstructed average cycle may show irregularities at points near zero flow as a result. In practice, the methodology showed clear differences in shape between the protocols, gave reasonable average cycles and ordered the waveform shapes according to the hardness of breathing induced by the protocols.     

Inference with Bivariate Truncated Data

Inthis paper we build on previous work for estimation of the bivariatedistribution of the time variables T ₁ and T ₂when they are observable only on the condition that one of thetime variables, say T ₁, is greater than (left-truncation)or less than (right truncation) some observed time variable C ₁.In this paper, we introduce several results based on the InfluenceCurve (which we derive in this paper) of the NPMLE of the distributionF of (T ₁,T ₂) developed by van derLaan (van der Laan, 1996). Specifically we will: prove that theNPMLE is asymptotically equivalent to an estimator developedby Gürler (Gürler, 1997), derive the asymptotic distributionof the NPMLE based on its Influence Curve, present tests to determinethe amount of dependence between T ₁ and T ₂,present the results of simulation studies that compare the NPMLEand Gürler's estimator and evaluate the performance of boththe above mentioned tests and confidence intervals of Fbased on the asymptotic distribution of the NPMLE, and finallywe will apply the methods in a data analysis in which we alsopoint out practical issues that arise in the implementation ofthe estimator.     

Standard statistical tools for the breed allocation problem

Modern technologies are frequently used in order to deal with new genomic problems. For instance, the STRUCTURE software is usually employed for breed assignment based on genetic information. However, standard statistical techniques offer a number of valuable tools which can be successfully used for dealing with most problems. In this paper, we investigated the capability of microsatellite markers for individual identification and their potential use for breed assignment of individuals in seventy Lidia breed lines and breeders. Traditional binomial logistic regression is applied to each line and used to assign one individual to a particular line. In addition, the area under receiver operating curve (AUC) criterion is used to measure the capability of the microsatellite-based models to separate the groups. This method allows us to identify which microsatellite loci are related to each line. Overall, only one subject was misclassified or a 99.94% correct allocation. The minimum observed AUC was 0.986 with an average of 0.997. These results suggest that our method is competitive for animal allocation and has some interpretative advantages and a strong relationship with methods based on SNPs and related techniques.     

Use,of andrews' function plot technique to construct control curves for multivariate process

This paper describes a method for quality control of product when it depends on several characteristics. The proposed procedure is graphical in nature and is based on Andrews' function plot technique. The method is illust¬rated with the help of a small simulated data.