明清之际世俗功利价值观的盛行及其意义

明清之际是一个功利主义昂扬的时期。当时社会上弥漫着一股逐利之风 ,世俗功利价值观得到空前的张扬。不仅在商人中间 ,而且在一些商品经济发达的地区形成了一种视功利为衡量价值的惟一尺度的价值标准。拜金主义是世俗功利价值观的极端形式。这时期拜金主义的高涨是人们的功利意识觉醒和解放的标志。明清之际的人并没有完全走向非道德主义 ,但他们讲究的是道德功利主义。明清之际的启蒙学者对世俗功利价值观进行了积极的论证和阐扬。由于它作为一种价值观 ,能够为经济的成长提供强大的推动力 ,因而具有现代意义     

Reconciliation with the Utility of Chance by Elaborated Outcomes Destroys the Axiomatic Basis of Expected Utility Theory

Expected utility theory does not directly deal with the utility of chance. It has been suggested in the literature (Samuelson, 1952, Markowitz, 1959) that this can be remedied by an approach which explicitly models the emotional consequences which give rise to the utility of chance. We refer to this as the elaborated outcomes approach. It is argued that the elaborated outcomes approach destroys the possibility of deriving a representation theorem based on the usual axioms of expected utility theory. This is shown with the help of an example due to Markowitz. It turns out that the space of conceivable lotteries over elaborated outcomes is too narrow to permit the application of the axioms. Moreover it is shown that a representation theorem does not hold for the example.     

Decision Making in `Random in a Broad Sense' Environments

It is shown that the uncertainty connected with a `random in a broad sense' (not necessarily stochastic) event always has some `statistical regularity' (SR) in the form of a family of finite-additive probability distributions. The specific principle of guaranteed result in decision making is introduced. It is shown that observing this principle of guaranteed result leads to determine the one optimality criterion corresponding to a decision system with a given `statistical regularity'.     

Generalized Expected Utility, Heteroscedastic Error, and Path Dependence in Risky Choice

We evaluate the fit of several generalized expected utility models under homoscedasticity and three different heteroscedastic error structures for the data set first reported in Hey and Orme (1994). Standard chi-squared tests are used for nested tests, and both the Akaike (1973) information criterion and its consistent version (Hurvich and Tsai, 1989) are used for non-nested ranking of these models. A testing framework is developed that explicitly accounts for the path-dependent nature of the model selection problem. Not only does the selection of preference models depend on the error structure assumed, but the reverse is also true: the selection of the error structure depends on the preference structure assumed. An erratum to this article is available at .     

考虑顾客感知效用的服务要素优化配置方法

针对服务设计中的服务要素优化配置问题,提出了一种考虑顾客感知效用的服务要素优化配置方法.运用质量功能展开理论中的质量屋方法确定各服务项的权重;依据确定的服务项和备选服务要素,采用调查问卷方式获得顾客群体对于各服务项的期望水平以及对各服务要素满足需求程度的评价值;然后基于失望理论刻画顾客的欣喜与失望的心理感知,并计算顾客感知效用;进一步通过建立和求解优化模型来确定服务要素配置方案.此外,以某航空公司头等舱服务设计为例,说明了方法的可行性与有效性.     

Sublinear time width-bounded separators and their application to the protein side-chain packing problem

Given d>2 and a set of n grid points Q in ℜ ^d , we design a randomized algorithm that finds a w-wide separator, which is determined by a hyper-plane, in sublinear time such that Q has at most points on either side of the hyper-plane, and at most points within distance to the hyper-plane, where c _d is a constant for fixed d. In particular, c ₃=1.209. To our best knowledge, this is the first sublinear time algorithm for finding geometric separators. Our 3D separator is applied to derive an algorithm for the protein side-chain packing problem, which improves and simplifies the previous algorithm of Xu (Research in computational molecular biology, 9th annual international conference, pp. 408–422, 2005). This research is supported by Louisiana Board of Regents fund under contract number LEQSF(2004-07)-RD-A-35. The part of this research was done while Bin Fu was associated with the Department of Computer Science, University of New Orleans, LA 70148, USA and the Research Institute for Children, 200 Henry Clay Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.     

基于Cobb-Douglas效用函数的多属性采购拍卖

在多属性采购拍卖的实践中,利润和赢得合同对供给者来说具有不同的重要性.假设供给者使用Cobb-Douglas效用函数对利润和赢得合同的重要性程度进行权衡,在第一评分拍卖及第二评分拍卖下获得了供给者的均衡投标策略和采购者的期望效用,并对采购者的期望效用进行了比较.结果表明供给者对被采购物品的质量选择只与自己的成本参数和打分函数有关;当供给者越看重获取采购合同,采购者的期望效用越高;当采购者只能使用效用函数打分时,如果供给者更看重利润,采购者应该采用第二评分拍卖节约采购成本,否则使用第一评分拍卖.     

基于消费者情绪效用下劣势耐用品企业的延保服务策略有效性研究

基于消费者情绪效用对耐用品企业延保服务策略有效性的影响，构建双寡头微分博弈模型，研究耐用品企业的延保服务策略对产品均衡价格的影响特征，并进一步讨论了劣势耐用品企业延保服务策略的有效性。结论表明：服务投入在不同范围内，产品均衡价格随着服务投入的增加而变化的特征不同；高质量企业的延保最优价格与服务投入成递增关系变化，而低质量企业的延保最优价格随服务投入增加的变化特征还与其故障率、延保期等因素有关。低质量耐用品企业的服务投入满足大于1时，采取增加服务投入缩小与高质量产品的价格差是有效的；只有在一定条件下，采取延长质保期、延保期策略缩小价格差才是有效的。最后，利用数值分析法进一步验证了结论的合理性。研究可为耐用品企业有效实施延保服务策略提供决策支持。     

Stochastic Dominance: An Approach to Decision Making Under Risk

This paper introduces stochastic dominance as a technique to reduce the set of possible actions that a decision maker must consider in a decision problem under risk. The procedure usually does not choose an optimal action, but instead eliminates certain actions as unacceptable. Very little need be known about the decision maker's utility function. Two possible applications are presented: upgrading buildings to better withstand an earthquake; and choosing a site for a LNG facility.