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921.
M. Wächtler 《Statistics》2013,47(1):87-103
In the present paper we formulate a general statistical decision problem for reliability investigations and its specification for reliability tests with test period termi¬nated by time and failures, The risk function includes the experimental costs as well as the expected financial expen¬ses caused by the decisions, Interpreted as 相似文献
922.
B. Gerlach 《Statistics》2013,47(3):427-452
In this article the properties of a general univariate JiT-sample rank tests for complete block designs are investigated. Especially, the asymptotic distribution of the test .statistic under H0 and under contiguous alternatives is derived. Some asymptotic relative'PITMAN efficiencies are computed. AMSX 1980 subject classifications: Primary 62G10; secondary 62K10 相似文献
923.
Thornal G. Oliver M.H.A. Pauline R. Oliver M.S.P.H. R.N.C. Joseph L. Anthony Ph.D. 《Journal of American college health : J of ACH》2013,61(3):138-139
Abstract “The Inverse Relation Between Fish Consumption and 20-Year Mortality From Coronary Heart Disease,” DAAN KROMHOUT, et al. The low death rate from coronary heart disease among the Greenland Eskimos has been ascribed to their high fish consumption. We therefore decided to investigate the relation between fish consumption and coronary heart disease in a group of men in the town of Zutphen, the Netherlands. Information about the fish consumption of 852 middle-aged men without coronary heart disease was collected in 1960 by a careful dietary history obtained from the participants and their wives. During 20 years of follow-up 78 men died from coronary heart disease. An inverse dose-response relation was observed between fish consumption in 1960 and death from coronary heart disease during 20 years of follow-up. This relation persisted after multiple logistic-regression analyses. Mortality from coronary heart disease was more than 50 per cent lower among those who consumed at least 30g of fish per day than among those who did not eat fish. We conclude that the consumption of as little as one or two fish dishes per week may be of preventive value in relation to coronary heart disease. (New England Journal of Medicine 1985;312:1205–9.) “Teaching Touch at Medical School,” JULES OLDER. The association between touch and healing is ancient and worldwide. Skilled hands are among the physician's most important diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Yet a survey of medical schools in the English-speaking world revealed that most offer no touch training in their curricula. Of 169 medical schools, only 12 give any formal instruction in the uses and meaning of therapeutic touch in medicine. The teaching modes of these 12 schools are discussed, and the program of the most touch-conscious school, the University of Otago, is described. (Journal of the American Medical Association 1984;252:931–3.) “Tubal Infertility and the Intrauterine Device,” DANIEL W. CRAMER, et al. To study the association between intrauterine devices (IUDs) and pelvic inflammatory disease, we compared contraceptive histories in 4185 white women—283 nulliparous women with primary tubal infertility, 69 women with secondary tubal infertility, and 3833 women admitted for delivery at seven collaborating hospitals from 1981 to 1983. The relative risk of tubal infertility associated with IUD use was calculated by means of multivariate logistic regression to control for confounding factors, including region, year of menarche, religion, education, smoking, and reported number of sexual partners. The adjusted risk of primary tubal infertility associated with any IUD use before a first live birth was 2.0 (95 per cent confidence limits, 1.5 to 2.6) relative to nonuse. Users of the Dalkon Shield had an adjusted risk of 3.3 (1.7 to 6.1), users of the Lippes Loop or Saf-T-Coil had a risk of 2.9 (1.7 to 5.2), and users of copper IUDs had a risk of 1.6 (1.1 to 2.4). Women who reported having only one sexual partner had no increased risk of primary tubal infertility associated with IUD use. The adjusted risk of secondary tubal infertility associated with use of a copper IUD after a first live birth was not statistically significant (1.5; 95 per cent confidence limits, 0.8 to 3.0), whereas the risk from similar use of noncopper devices was significant (2.8; 1.3 to 5.9). We conclude that tubal infertility is associated with IUD use, but less so with copper IUDs. (New England Journal of Medicine 1985;312:941–7.) 相似文献
924.
C.P. Quesenberry 《统计学通讯:理论与方法》2013,42(8):717-723
Many test statistics for classical simple goodness-of-fit hypothesis testing problems are distancemeasures between the distribution function of the null hypothesis distributipn and the empirical distribution function sometimes called EDF tests. If a composite parametric null hypothesis is considered in place of the simple null hypothesis, then a test statistic can be obtained from each EDF test by replacing the known distribution function of the simple problem by the Rao-Blackwell estimating distribution function. In this note we use known results to show that these Rao-Blackwell-EDF test statistics have distributions that do not depend upon parameter values, and hence that these tests are independent of a complete sufficient statistic for the parameters. 相似文献
925.
The theory of chi-square tests with data-dependent cells is applied to provide tests of fit to the family of p-variate normal distributions. The cells are bounded by hyperellipses (x-[Xbar])'S-1 (x-[Xbar]) = ci centered at the sample mean [Xbar] and having shape deter-mined by the sample covariance matrix S. The Pearson statistic with these cells is affine-invariant, has a null distribution not depending on the true mean and covariance, and has asymptotic critical points between those of x2 (M-1) and x2 (M-2) when M cells are employed. The test is insensitive to lack of symmetry, but peakedness, broad shoulders and heavy tails are easily discerned in the cell counts. Multivariate normality of logarithms of relative prices of common stocks, a common assumption in finan-cial markets theory, is studied using the statistic described here and a large data base. 相似文献
926.
The bivariate logarithmic series distribution was introduced by Subrahmaniam (1966) as a Fisher-limit to the bivariate negative binomial distribution. The present paper considers the properties of the distribution along with various models giving rise to it. Problems of estimation and the goodness-of-fit are examined. Methods for simulating the distribution are developed and illusuated. 相似文献
927.
Several asymptotically equivalent quantile estimators recently have been proposed as alternative to the conventional sample quantile. A variety of weight functions have been obtained either by subsampling considerations or by a kernel approach, analogous to density estimation techniques. Focusing on the former approach, a unified treatment of quantile estimators derived by subsampling is developed. Closely related to the generalized Harrell-Davis (HD) and Kaigh-Lachenbruch (KL) estimators, a new statistic performed well in Monte Carlo effiency comparisons presented here. Moreover, the new estimator shares certain desirable computational and finite-sample theeoretical properties with the KL estimator to yield convenient components representations for tests of uniformity and goodness-of-fit criteria. Similar analytic treatment for the HD statistics and kernel quantile estimators, however, is precluded by intractable eigenvalue problems. 相似文献
928.
Tests that combine p-values, such as Fisher's product test, are popular to test the global null hypothesis H0 that each of n component null hypotheses, H1,…,Hn, is true versus the alternative that at least one of H1,…,Hn is false, since they are more powerful than classical multiple tests such as the Bonferroni test and the Simes tests. Recent modifications of Fisher's product test, popular in the analysis of large scale genetic studies include the truncated product method (TPM) of Zaykin et al. (2002), the rank truncated product (RTP) test of Dudbridge and Koeleman (2003) and more recently, a permutation based test—the adaptive rank truncated product (ARTP) method of Yu et al. (2009). The TPM and RTP methods require users' specification of a truncation point. The ARTP method improves the performance of the RTP method by optimizing selection of the truncation point over a set of pre-specified candidate points. In this paper we extend the ARTP by proposing to use all the possible truncation points {1,…,n} as the candidate truncation points. Furthermore, we derive the theoretical probability distribution of the test statistic under the global null hypothesis H0. Simulations are conducted to compare the performance of the proposed test with the Bonferroni test, the Simes test, the RTP test, and Fisher's product test. The simulation results show that the proposed test has higher power than the Bonferroni test and the Simes test, as well as the RTP method. It is also significantly more powerful than Fisher's product test when the number of truly false hypotheses is small relative to the total number of hypotheses, and has comparable power to Fisher's product test otherwise. 相似文献
929.
The paper deals with uniform and D-optimality of designs in the two-way elimination of heterogeneities. It is shown that designs which are optimum for the hypothesis that all treatment effects are equal are optimum for some other hypotheses, too. The Proof is based on a new matrix- and determinantal inequality. 相似文献
930.
In many experiments researchers are interested in comparing several treat¬ment means with a control mean. Their primary interest is to determine whether any treatments are significantly better than the control Several test procedures have been proposed in the literature, but only few of them can pro¬vide simultaneous confidence lower bounds. A new test statistic is proposed to compare treatment means with a control mean in two-factor experiments. Some upper percentage points are tabulated. It yields sharp simultaneous confidence lower bounds for the differences of such means. The new test is forresponding author. 相似文献