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61.
Generalized Leverage and its Applications 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The generalized leverage of an estimator is defined in regression models as a measure of the importance of individual observations. We derive a simple but powerful result, developing an explicit expression for leverage in a general M -estimation problem, of which the maximum likelihood problems are special cases. A variety of applications are considered, most notably to the exponential family non-linear models. The relationship between leverage and local influence is also discussed. Numerical examples are given to illustrate our results 相似文献
62.
A Multivariate Model for Repeated Failure Time Measurements 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Martin Crowder 《Scandinavian Journal of Statistics》1998,25(1):53-67
A parametric multivariate failure time distribution is derived from a frailty-type model with a particular frailty distribution. It covers as special cases certain distributions which have been used for multivariate survival data in recent years. Some properties of the distribution are derived: its marginal and conditional distributions lie within the parametric family, and association between the component variates can be positive or, to a limited extent, negative. The simple closed form of the survivor function is useful for right-censored data, as occur commonly in survival analysis, and for calculating uniform residuals. Also featured is the distribution of ratios of paired failure times. The model is applied to data from the literature 相似文献
63.
J. E. Kelsall & P. J. Diggle 《Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C, Applied statistics》1998,47(4):559-573
A common problem in environmental epidemiology is the estimation and mapping of spatial variation in disease risk. In this paper we analyse data from the Walsall District Health Authority, UK, concerning the spatial distributions of cancer cases compared with controls sampled from the population register. We formulate the risk estimation problem as a nonparametric binary regression problem and consider two different methods of estimation. The first uses a standard kernel method with a cross-validation criterion for choosing the associated bandwidth parameter. The second uses the framework of the generalized additive model (GAM) which has the advantage that it can allow for additional explanatory variables, but is computationally more demanding. For the Walsall data, we obtain similar results using either the kernel method with controls stratified by age and sex to match the age–sex distribution of the cases or the GAM method with random controls but incorporating age and sex as additional explanatory variables. For cancers of the lung or stomach, the analysis shows highly statistically significant spatial variation in risk. For the less common cancers of the pancreas, the spatial variation in risk is not statistically significant. 相似文献
64.
Maria Brouwer 《Journal of Management and Governance》2005,9(3-4):237-255
Organizational innovation is essential to economic development. But, the way successful societies have organized new ventures
has been remarkably similar in both past and present. The commenda organizations of medieval Italy shared many characteristics
with modern startups that are financed by venture capital. Profit share contracts; limited liability and periodic reevaluations
are cases in point. Agency contracts in both types of ventures are designed to absorb the high uncertainty inherent to these
enterprises through risk sharing. Uncertainty prohibits a unique ex ante ranking order of investment projects and prompts
investors to look for hidden human capital. Equity finance is better equipped to even out unexpected losses and gains that
are inherent to uncertainty than debt finance. 相似文献
65.
66.
基于MCMC稳态模拟的贝叶斯经验费率厘定信用模型 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
B黨lmann-Straub model is one of the most famous applications of the Bayesian method for the experience rate making.However,by the traditional B黨lmann-Straub model one cannot get the unbiased posterior estimation of the parameters when there is not sufficient prior information for the structural parameters;What's more,the difficult of computing high dimension numeration limits the application of Bayesian method.This paper introduces the Markov chain Monte Carlo simulaton method based on the Gibbs sampling after analyzing the structure of the B黨lmann-Straub model and sets up the Bayesian credibility model for estimating the predictive risk premium.Also by using the results of the numeration analysis,this paper proves that from this model one can get the posterior distributions of the parameters dynamically and the posterior estimation of the censoring parameters in the situation that exists unknown parameters,as well as improve the precision of the numeration,which can be helpful to find the heterogeneity of the premium. 相似文献
67.
68.
Toward Improved Communication about Wildland Fire: Mental Models Research to Identify Information Needs for Natural Resource Management 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The management of natural- and human-induced wildland fires is an intricate process that must balance two considerations: that of fire as a necessary natural disturbance and that of the risks that fire poses. Reconciling tradeoffs between these risks and benefits is contingent upon informed, directed, and two-way communication between wildland fire managers and stakeholders. In an effort to aid with the design of such a communication effort, this study used mental models research to determine the unique wildland fire information and decision-making needs of stakeholders living at the wildland-urban interface of a fire-prone area. While the analysis revealed many similarities in how stakeholders conceptualized the risks and benefits of wildland fire, many misconceptions and important gaps in understanding on the part of both expert and nonexpert respondents were identified. 相似文献
69.
《Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation》2012,82(3):237-251
In the recovery of interblock information to improve the treatment differences estimates in incomplete block designs, the parameter p is usually unknown. Many authors have worked on the problem of estimating it and of studying its properties together with the properties of the treatment differences estimates. In this paper a numerically efficient algorithm is developed which yields the maximum likelihood estimates (MLE) of all the parameters in the mixed incomplete block design model (treatment effects, ρ and variance) 相似文献
70.