Predictors of low bone mineral density in elderly males with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the role of body mass index

Objective.?The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between nutritional indices (Body mass index (BMI), serum albumin), sarcopenia, bone mineral density (BMD) and the severity of their pulmonary obstruction in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods.?The method involved was a prospective transversal study; 82 males >65 years old, 41 stable patients with COPD and 41 healthy elderly individuals (controls). All subjects underwent spirometry, biochemical analyses and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The significance of the differences between mean values and prevalence rates was tested. The relationships between BMD and independent predictors were analysed by multiple linear regressions. Logistic regression models were applied on dichotomised variables.

Results.?In patients with COPD, the prevalence of osteoporosis was higher in subjects with sarcopenia (46% vs. 0%; p?<?0.05) and with BMI?<?25.1?kg/m² (58% vs. 15%; p?<?0.02). Multiple regression analysis indicated that BMI, appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM), albumin, and forced expiration volume after 1?s (FEV1) explained the 70% of BMD variability at the hip and 56% at the spine. Logistic regression showed that a BMI?<?25.1?kg/m² was independently associated with osteoporosis risk (OR?=?10.0; 95%CI 1.3–76); no independent effect emerged for FEV1% (<and ?50%).

Conclusion.?In elderly males with COPD, the BMI values?≤25?kg/m² are more strongly related to low BMD levels than albumin values. Among those patients, BMI values within the normal range for younger adults might point out a higher risk of osteoporosis.     

开放条件下宁夏农业应对策略

作为世贸组织成员,中国农业面临着来自国际市场的强烈冲击,而对于宁夏这样一个经济发展水平落后,以农业生产为主的西北内陆省份而言,更是机遇和挑战并存。本文从宁夏农业发展的现实状况着手,详细分析了宁夏农业的竞争优势与劣势,为宁夏农业在开放条件下的发展提出了具体的应对策略。     

农村贫困大学生心理障碍成因与对策的社会学分析

在社会转型、城乡二元体制的大背景下,农村贫困大学生由于社会、经济资源的缺乏,文化价值观念的冲突及受性格原因和人际交往技巧等其他方面的影响,心理障碍问题日渐突出.了解并分析引发其心理问题的成因,并采取相应对策,对于大学生整体素质的提高和整个社会和高校的和谐进步具有重要意义.     

当前我国货币政策的传导及其改善

当前货币政策不能充分发挥效力主要是因为传导受阻 ,本文详细考察了货币政策的主要传导途径 ,分析当前我国货币政策传导的特点 ,针对传导受阻的原因 ,提出改善传导机制的举措     

城市交通干线的模糊综合评价

考虑行人过街的情况下,从城市交通干线的特性出发,探讨了与干线相关的各种影响因素。在交通功能、交通安全和交通环境影响三个准则下,选取评价指标。对相关的评价指标进行了量化,建立城市交通干线的综合评价体系。通过对评价指标体系进行无量纲化处理,构建了层次分析模型,并将层次分析法应用到模糊综合评价法中,即形成了AHP-模糊综合评价方法。通过对实例的评价结果表明改进方案明显优于现状方案,干线的运行状况更加良好,并提出了相应的改进方案。     

医务社会工作在贫困肾衰竭患者治疗中的介入——以山东省立医院肾衰竭救助项目为例

医务社会工作自产生之日起,便以其特有的专业技能,在协助患者(家属)解决因病产生的各种社会以及心理问题,在促使患者早日康复中起着积极的作用。在中国大陆地区,专业化的医务社会工作尚处于起步阶段,本文以山东省立医院肾衰竭救助项目为例,通过医务社会工作在肾衰竭患者治疗过程中的介入,讨论医务社工在经济上如何对患者进行救助以及在心理上如何为其减压,并对医务社会工作者在介入工作中的方式与方法做一些探讨。     

成人外语教学与外语习得中的情感障碍

“情感障碍”在成人外语教学与习得中起着不可忽视的阻碍作用。在教学中 ,成人外语教育者应该充分认识成人情感特点 ,重视情感教育 ,尽量将对外语学习起抑制作用的情感障碍降到最低程度 ,以提高成人外语学习的效率。本文叙述了成人外语学习者的一些情感障碍 ,同时对这些情感障碍进行分析和探讨 ,并根据心理学和语言学有关理论 ,提出了几点消除情感障碍的观点和方法     

A nationwide cohort study of the role of CHADS2 score in predicting lower extremity amputation and death among patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease

Objectives: The current study aimed to explore whether the CHADS₂ score was predictive of lower extremity amputation (LEA) and death in people with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD).

Methods: This nationwide cohort came from Taiwan, with 16,888 PAOD patients, from 2000 through 2011, extracted from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000. Cox proportional hazard regression models were employed to identify the LEA and mortality risk according to CHADS₂ score. The discriminatory properties of the score in predicting the outcomes were quantified by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and the Cox C-index.

Results: The AUROC of the CHADS₂ score in predicting LEA and death were 0.75 (95% CI?=?0.73–0.77) and 0.70 (95% CI?=?0.69–0.71), respectively. The CHADS₂ score had an acceptable stratification capacity for LEA (C-index?=?0.79) and death (C-index?=?0.76) based on Cox-regression analysis.

Conclusions: This study correlates the CHADS₂ score with risk of developing LEA and death in patients with PAOD. The acceptable discriminative power of the score diversifies its predictive role in this population.     

农民工子女义务教育政策执行阻滞研究综述

农民工子女义务教育政策执行出现了阻滞,具体表现为农民工子女入读公办学校的比例不高,学杂费用偏高,农民工子女学校的办学水平低。学界普遍认为,阻滞的原因在于政策设计的缺陷,政策执行遭遇制度和体制障碍,政策资源不足以及利益冲突;为提高政策执行效果,必须要改革户籍制度,改革＂以县为主＂的教育投入体制,推行＂教育券＂制度,建立在居住地就近入学的制度,建立全国性电子学籍信息系统。对于本问题的研究,现有文献在研究方法、研究角度与研究规范性方面存在不足。     

“三支一扶”计划政策梗阻与消解——基于海西高校的实证调查研究

三支一扶计划一经推出就引发社会各方面的共同关注,并在宏观层面上制定了相应的指导意见,然而在三支一扶计划实施中,仍存在着认识偏差和政策梗阻,有必要加以澄清和理顺。