超立方体计算机直通通信技术

对线路交换、消息交换、包交换,虚拟旁通和直通的平均通信延迟时间以及直通的平均请求响应时间进有了分析。比较指出,直通的平均通信延迟时间和平均请求响应时间最短。因此,直通通信技术在超级并行/分布计算机系统中,是克服互连和通信障碍的最有效的技术之一。     

日本个人信息权利立法保护的经验及借鉴

信息化是现代社会的特征之一。日本保护个人信息的立法起步早,且特色鲜明。从日本《个人信息保护法》制定与完善的过程可以发现,在广泛借鉴欧美先进立法经验的同时,立法者充分考虑了日本本国的实际情况。这部法律在个人信息的界定、专门监督机构的设置、保护标准以及化解法律实施后的“过剩反应”等方面都很有特色。为了保证该法实施的社会效果,从2003—2005年个人信息保护法律草案到正式实施,政府为此做了充分的铺垫,利用各种途径宣传解读个人信息保护法,并为企业和个人留出了缓冲时间。这些保护个人信息权利的经验和做法值得中国借鉴。     

A Note on Item Response Theory Modeling for Online Customer Ratings

ABSTRACT

Online consumer product ratings data are increasing rapidly. While most of the current graphical displays mainly represent the average ratings, Ho and Quinn proposed an easily interpretable graphical display based on an ordinal item response theory (IRT) model, which successfully accounts for systematic interrater differences. Conventionally, the discrimination parameters in IRT models are constrained to be positive, particularly in the modeling of scored data from educational tests. In this article, we use real-world ratings data to demonstrate that such a constraint can have a great impact on the parameter estimation. This impact on estimation was explained through rater behavior. We also discuss correlation among raters and assess the prediction accuracy for both the constrained and the unconstrained models. The results show that the unconstrained model performs better when a larger fraction of rater pairs exhibit negative correlations in ratings.     

自闭症儿童语言障碍个案干预效果之比较分析——基于关键反应训练（PRT）

研究者借助PRT（Pivotal Response Training）关键反应训练技术，对三例自闭症儿童进行为期一年的干预训练。干预训练包括基线期、介入期、维持期三个阶段。研究者通过SPSS19.0统计软件对三例个案在不同阶段进行差异性比较，结果显示：三例个案在基线期与介入期之间都存在显著性差异；介入期和维持期相比无显著性差异；个别案例在基线期与维持期之间存在差异。其中，案例一和案例三在维持期之后都有显著的退步现象，案例二则在维持期之后表现了较为稳定的状态。研究结果表明：PRT技术对自闭症儿童的语言干预是有效的，但是个别案例还需要进行持续性的教育干预。     

Specificity of Performance Feedback in a Professional Service Delivery Setting

Although feedback is one of the most widely used intervention strategies, data on the specificity of effects has been sparse. The current study examined the effects of individualized public feedback on maintenance of client charts by therapists in a clinic setting. Four types of charting errors were tracked throughout the study. In Phase 1, feedback on two types of charting errors was provided and withdrawn in an ABA fashion. Phase II was a systematic replication of Phase I, using a second group of therapists, in which feedback was provided on the other two types of charting errors in an AB fashion. Results showed that feedback affected only those errors on which it was provided, thus supporting a specificity view of feedback effects. It is suggested that target behaviors be carefully selected and that generalization of feedback effects be assessed and not assumed.     

Tangible and Spiritual Relief After the Storm

Abstract

This study assessed the types of social services and spiritual messages that were provided by Baton Rouge area churches following Hurricane Katrina. Church representatives (n = 157) completed a 26-item survey which consisted of open and closed ended questions. The most common resources provided by churches included food, clothing, and financial assistance. Nearly 75% of churches attempted to connect evacuees with outside state and federal resources. The greatest unmet needs reported by churches included evacuee shelter and housing, and on-site computer and internet access. Churches recommend preparedness, triage care, and leadership for other churches that find themselves the first responders following a disaster. Because of their responsiveness to the needs of communities, clergy need to be trained in disaster management. Moreover, government monies could be well-spent in supporting faith-based disaster initiatives .     

Variable Selection for Semiparametric Varying Coefficient Partially Linear Errors-in-Variables (EV) Model with Missing Response

This paper focuses on the variable selection for semiparametric varying coefficient partially linear model when the covariates are measured with additive errors and the response is missing. An adaptive lasso estimator and the smoothly clipped absolute deviation estimator as a comparison for the parameters are proposed. With the proper selection of regularization parameter, the sampling properties including the consistency of the two procedures and the oracle properties are established. Furthermore, the algorithms and corresponding standard error formulas are discussed. A simulation study is carried out to assess the finite sample performance of the proposed methods.     

Violence Against the Young: The New Urban Challenges

This article examines the recent deaths of Chicago Public School students. It focuses on the school year between September 2006 and June 2007. At least 30 individuals were killed during that interval. In this school year, the homicides continue at about the same pace. Although violence within the schools had declined and violence (including homicides) was at a lower rate for the city of Chicago, some communities remained vulnerable to this threat. Neighborhood characteristics seem to be contributing factors, but family dynamics and an individual's life style comes into play. The person in the environment that we draw upon in social work has limitations, given new urban problems.     

Model Selection and Estimation with Quantal‐Response Data in Benchmark Risk Assessment

This article describes several approaches for estimating the benchmark dose (BMD) in a risk assessment study with quantal dose‐response data and when there are competing model classes for the dose‐response function. Strategies involving a two‐step approach, a model‐averaging approach, a focused‐inference approach, and a nonparametric approach based on a PAVA‐based estimator of the dose‐response function are described and compared. Attention is raised to the perils involved in data “double‐dipping” and the need to adjust for the model‐selection stage in the estimation procedure. Simulation results are presented comparing the performance of five model selectors and eight BMD estimators. An illustration using a real quantal‐response data set from a carcinogenecity study is provided.